acta societatis botanicorum poloniae - LV Zjazd Polskiego ...

VArIEd SENSITIVITY OF MAIZE (zeA mAys L.)
rOOTS TO ALLELOCHEMICAL-COUMArIN
Kupidłowska Ewa, Nowakowska Kaja. University of Warsaw,
Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology,
1 Miecznikowa St., 02-096 Warsaw, Poland, ewmak@biol.
uw.edu.pl
Coumarin, a natural compound of high allelopathic activity,
acts as a root growth inhibitor. The effects of coumarin on the
growth of three types of maize roots: radicle, seminal and nodal
were compared. Our results suggest, that two mechanisms
are responsible for the observed growth inhibition: loss of cell
expansion anisotropy in root elongation zone and a decrease
in meristem mitotic activity. Isotropic expansion is most pronounced
in seminal roots, whereas mitodepression in the radicle.
Ultrastructural changes in the cortical cells also show that
coumarin is the most toxic compound for seminal roots. Both
root types formed during embryogenesis, the radicle and the
seminal, are more sensitive to coumarin than postembryonic,
shoot-borne nodal roots.
COMPUTEr TESTING OF CELL dIVISION ALGOrITHMS
Lipowczan Marcin1 , Piekarska-Stachowiak Anna2 , Nakielski
Jerzy3 . University of Silesia, Department of Biophysics and
Morphogenesis of Plants, 28 Jagiellońska St., 40-032 Katowice,
Poland, marcin.lipowczan@us.edu.pl
The plant organs grow simplastically. It means that cells within
an organ grow in a coordinated way and neighboring cells do
not slide or glide with respect to each other. The organ develops
continuously while maintaining its physical integrity. Such
coordination involves a link between growth of individual cells
and growth of the organ as a whole. It is known that in meristems,
where growth is accompanied by cell divisions, the division
walls adjust themselves to the existing cell wall network.
The question is what affects the orientation of a new cell wall?
The growth with cell divisions, may be simulated by a computer
using the growth tensor method. This enables testing of different
algorithms for orientation of the new wall. The present paper
shows how some of these algorithms work, assuming the 2-D
approach in which growth is described by different anisotropy
factors. Four “rules” have been tested giving the division wall
formed with respect to the direction: 1) of principal growth rate,
2) of extreme deformation, 3) minimizing length of the new cell
wall and, 4) minimizing distance from the wall to the geometric
cell center. In 1) and 2) the orientation is determined by growth
of the whole organ, whereas in 3 and 4 – by geometry of the
dividing cell. Comparing the computer generated cell patterns
it can be concluded that the most realistic results are for rules
1) and 2). This indicates an essential role of control of the orientation
of cell division at the organ level.
SAM CUrVATUrES
Lissowski Andrzej. Society of the Polish Free University, Computer
Section, 7 Słupecka St., 03-309 Warsaw, Poland, aliss@
fuw.edu.pl
Gaussian curvature of primordia (P) must be prepared by oriented
cell divisions (OCD) in virtual primordia (VP) at SAM L1
as combinatorial curvature (CC) of close-packed cells, mainly
5- and 7- sided among Hexagonal (5H7), often 5 contacting 7
– known as edge dislocation (ED). Topological Descartes-Euler
Law forces compensation of each P dome extra positive CC (six
5) and extra negative CC (three 7) concentrated near each triple
junction between three P. CC gradually splits during OCD into
increasing positive CC scattering inside VP and increasing negative
CC concentrating between three VP. It was postulated during
certain conferences: “Shaping of tissue by deviation from
Plant Structure and Development
hexagonal close-packing of cells”; MIT 1970 with Harvard’s
Frederic Thomas Lewis school (also grain boundary movement
by ED glide, 5H7 with Herbert Gleiter, John W. Cahn, Cyril
Stanley Smith, R. Buckminster Fuller), “Plant Morphogenesis”;
Rogow 1976 (also storeyed cambium ED), 1971– 2008 visits to
Kornik, Wroclaw, Katowice, and Nowy Sacz. Simulation of
phyllotaxis with increasing VP, represented also as Voronoi 5-,
6- and 7-gons, changing Fibonacci and Lucas pattern by ED
glide during grain boundary movement (like Voronoi-sunflower
p.657 ”Anatomia…”; Hejnowicz 1980) was discussed with Ralph
Erickson during April-June and August 1978. Recently Gibson
started a profound revival of Lewis-Nicolas Rivier’s 5H7 approach
to OCD, tissue curvature. Advances in research on CC
flow allowed animation of Fibonacci and Lucas SAM VP +/–
CC creation by OCD: ED climb, 5H7 vortical splits shown here,
during int.applied math.conferences (2008– 2010), Warsaw, Poland
2008 Science Festival.
MOrPHOLOGICAL ANd ANATOMICAL ANALYSIS OF
CAMPHOr TrEE cinnAmomum cAmPhorA T.NESS
EBErM
Majda Mateusz1 , Zagórska-Marek Beata2 . University of
Wrocław, Institute of Plant Biology, 6/8 Kanonia St., 50-328
Wrocław, Poland; 1matmajda@gmail.com, 2beata@biol.uni. wroc.pl
Cinnamomum camphora is a representative of basal angiosperms,
with such ancestral features as trimerous flowers or
vessel elements with scalariform plates. This species also exhibits
some progressive features, to which interlocked grain and
reduced number of flower parts belong. The species has been
used in ethno medicine for a long time. Nowadays it is cultivated
mainly in Far East countries. Taking into account the position
of the Camphor tree on the phylogenetic tree, it is reasonable
to extend our knowledge on particular morphological and anatomical
traits of the species. In the study, the most interesting
results came from analyzing leaf lamina of the plants growing
in greenhouses and of plants growing outdoors. Significant differences
in the shape and structure of epidermal cells have been
found between these plants. The development of functional leaf
lamina veins was analyzed with the help of fluorescent markers.
This analysis showed parallel development of veins and sclerenchyma.
The analysis also showed correlation between occurrence
of vascular tissue and sclerechymatic reinforcements
in subsequent branches of the main vein. This research, apart
from verifying the existing data, extended our knowledge about
Camphor tree leaf structure with such key results as variability
of the features of epidermal cells related to distinct environmental
conditions and occurrence of two mutually inducible tissue
systems.
THE dEFOrMATION STEM WOOd STrUCTUrE OF
PINES (Pinus sylvestris L.) GrOWN IN A LUBSKO
FOrEST STANd
Michalska Aneta. Warsaw University of Life Sciences
– SGGW, Faculty of Forestry, Division of Forest Botany, 159
Nowoursynowska St., Poland, Aneta.Michalska@wl.sggw.pl
In the Lubsko Forest District, a group of deformed pines (Pinus
sylvestris) in a 3,37 hectare area of the forest stand, was found.
The trees are 83 years old and they were probably deformed
due to human activity. This paper covers the stem wood structure
of deformed pines. The wood samples were collected from
four deformed trees from different parts of their stem. The
next step was making thin sections from compression wood
and normal wood side. Sections were kept on a microscope
slide, after a little bit of glycerol had been dropped on the sections.
Detailed observation and analysis was done using a microscope
with a mounted digital camera. Tree-ring analysis
101