acta societatis botanicorum poloniae - LV Zjazd Polskiego ...

COSTS OF rEPrOdUCTION IN A PErENNIAL PLANT:
THE CASE OF cArex secAlinA (CYPErACEAE)
Bogdanowicz Agnieszka M. 1 , Lembicz Marlena1 , żukowski
Waldemar1 . 1Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of
Plant Taxonomy, 89 Umultowska St., 61-614, Poznań, Poland,
agab@amu.edu.pl
The principle of allocation states that individuals have certain
limited amount of energy available for reproduction, growth
and survival. Reproductive investment brings about some
costs for individuals. After four years of studies in gardens
we have detected the costs of reproduction in the perennial
plant Carex secalina. Our experiment involved 100 individuals
of this species originating from seeds collected in three
natural populations. Every year we estimated biomass of individuals,
number of generative shoots, germination and seed
and seedling size. Costs of reproduction were reflected in an
individual’s size, i.e., the more an individual reproduced in one
year the smaller it was the next year. Results of the correlation
between biomass loss and reproduction expenses; measured as
total length of all spikes and total length of male and female
spikes, were statistically significant. Size changed due to incurred
costs of reproduction but seed size was not influenced.
However, we demonstrated significant differences in seed size
which depended on mother plant age. In the future, studies of
C. secalina natural populations will allow for the indication of
plausible variation in costs between populations due to difference
in selection pressure.
AGE dEPENdENT SEx ALLOCATION IN A PErrENIAL
PLANT: THE CASE OF cArex secAlinA
(CYPErACEAE)
Bogdanowicz Agnieszka M. 1 , żukowski Waldemar1 , Lembicz
Marlena1 . 1Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of
Plant Taxonomy, 89 Umultowska St., 61-614 Poznań, Poland,
lembicz@amu.edu.pl
Sex allocation is the allocation of resources to male versus female
reproduction in sexual species. This theory predicts that
resource allocation to male or female function should shift with
plant size. We tested the hypothesis that age not size, is the factor
which can change sex allocation. Evolutionary theory suggests
that sex change is favoured when reproductive success
(fitness) of an individual varies with its age. Natural selection
will favour individuals who begin life as the sex whose fitness
increases more slowly with age, and then change to the other
sex when they are older. We studied 100 individuals of Carex
secalina for four years in uniform garden conditions. Standard
methods of life history studies were used to estimate sex allocation
of the individuals. The results demonstrated a decrease in
relative investment of female traits during an individual’s life
in all populations (ANOVA of repeated measurements, Huynh-
Feldt df = 1,02; F = 180064,3; p < 0,001). Our study indicates
that plants display a hereditary sex expression pattern which is
not size dependent but changes during an individual’s lifetime.
ARABLE WEED fLoRA of ŁóDź AND ItS CHANGES
OVEr THE LAST 50 YEArS
Bomanowska Anna1 , Batóg Marta2 , Witosławski Piotr1 .
1University of Łódź, Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology,
12/16 Banacha St., 90-237 Łódź, Poland, knopikaa@biol.
uni.lodz.pl, witoslaw@biol.uni.lodz.pl; 219/20 Zielna St., 91-817
Łódź, Poland, mmarta_85@interia.pl
Results of comparative studies on floristic composition of
segetal weeds of the south-west part of Łódź are presented. This
issue was analysed based on our own field studies conducted in
2008– 2009 as well as on archival data obtained in 1958– 1959.
Geobotany and Plant Cover Conservation
In analysed periods, 254 species (187 and 150 species respectively)
were found. The changes in the flora include the disappearance
of 95 previously recorded species with a simultaneous
appearance of 57 new weeds. Among the receding species are
calciphilous ones (Consolida regalis, Neslia paniculata), as well
as hygrophilous ones (Bidens tripartita, Mentha arvensis). The
flora has been enriched among ruderal species (e.g. Oenothera
paradoxa, Melilotus alba) as well as alien invasive species (e.g.
Bromus carinatus, Conyza canadensis, Helianthus tuberosus).
Despite a scarcity and slight diversity of segetal habitats the
investigated flora is characterised by the same main features,
typical of floras of large arable areas. The majority of weeds
are native species (86; 57.3%). In the alien species group the
archaeophytes were frequently recorded (38; 25.3%). The studied
flora is characterised by a predominance of terophytes (65;
43.3%) over the other biological groups. The results shows that
the segetal flora of Łódź is shaped under the strong pressure of
adjacent urbanised areas.
THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF SEEd BANK IN THE
COrE TUSSOCKS OF cArex cesPitosA
Borkowska Lidia1 , dzido Alicja2 . University of Podlasie, 12
B. Prusa St., 08-110 Siedlce, Poland, 1Institute of Biology, Department
of Botany, lidiabor@ap.siedlce.pl; 2Doctoral Studies,
Discipline Agronomy, alicja.dzido@gmail.com
Seed bank studies mostly relate their role to the demography
and population dynamics of vegetation. Rare seed bank is estimated
at the remains of plants, nekromass or stems of clump
plants. In this work, the intention was to assess the supply of
seeds accumulated in the core tussocks of Carex cespitosa.
These were seeds accumulated over a period of many years.
With the population of Carex cespitosa located in a meadow
in the Białowieża National Park 20 tussocks with different dimensions
(small and large) were taken. The tussocks were cut
into horizontal layers. Size of seed bank was evaluated over
four years based on the germination of seedlings. The seedlings
from studied tussocks represented 50 taxa of vascular plants.
Number of seedling species in a single tussock ranged from 15
to 26. In all tussocks, seedlings appeared in nine taxa such as
Carex cespitosa, Lychnis flos-cuculi, Ranunculus repens and
Salix sp. Occasionally, seedlings were observed in Geleopsis
bifida, Plantago lanceolata, Polygonum aviculare and others.
The most numerous seedlings were:Lythrum salicaria, Carex
cespitosa and Epilobium sp.
GENUS PotAmoGeton L. ON THE TErrITOrY OF
EASTErN GALICIA ANd ITS CONSErVATION
Borsukiewicz Luba. Botanical Garden of Ivan Franco National
University, 44 M. Czeremszyny St., 79014 Lviv, Ukraine,
lubov@LITech.lviv.ua
Species of genus Potamogeton L. belong to weakly examined
representatives of our flora. Strictly defining some species,
particularly angustifoliate is difficult, especially during the
vegetative stages. Often they are determined incorrectly. This
has led to much false distribution of data. The pondweed inventory
on the studied territory was the aim of our investigation.
The study is based on the herbarium data and our own
field investigations, which were conducted on the territory
of Eastern Galicia (the Lviv, Ternopil and Ivano-Frankivsk
regions). In the study area there is confirmed growth of 16
species (P. acutifolius Link, P. alpinus Balb., P. berchtoldii
Fieb., P. compressus L., P. crispus L., P. friesii Rupr.,
P. gramineus L., P. lucens L., P. natans L., P. nodosus Poir.,
P. obtusifolius Mert. et Koch, P. pectinatus L., P. perfoliatus
L., P. praelongus Wulf., P. pusillus L., P. trichoides Cham.
et Schlecht.) representing 80% from all Ukrainian pondweed
species. Half of the species are only known in some localities:
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