acta societatis botanicorum poloniae - LV Zjazd Polskiego ...

55th Meeting of the Polish Botanical Society, Warsaw 2010
METAL-POLLUTEd ENVIrONMENT INCrEASES GE-
NETIC dIVErSITY OF violA tricolor L. (VIOLA-
CEAE)
Słomka Aneta1 , Sutkowska Agnieszka 2 , Szczepaniak Magdalena3
, Mitka Józef4 , Jędrzejczyk-Korycińska Monika5 , rostański
Adam5 , Malec Przemysław6 , Kuta Elżbieta1 . Jagiellonian
University; 1Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology,
52 Grodzka St., 31-044 Cracow, Poland, e.kuta@iphils.
uj.edu.pl; 2Agricultural University, Department of Breeding and
Seed Science, 24 Łobzowska St., 31-140 Cracow, Poland; 3Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Vascular Plant Systematics,
46 Lubicz St., 31-512 Cracow, Poland; 4Botanic Garden,
27 Kopernika St., 31-501 Cracow, Poland; 5Silesian University,
Department of Systematic Botany, 26/28 Jagiellońska St.,
40-032 Katowice, Poland; 6Department of Plant Physiology and
Biochemistry, 7 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Cracow, Poland
Changes in environmental conditions influence population
structure and may drive the development of intra- and interpopulation
genetic diversity. We investigated phenotypic and
genetic variation of V. tricolor from 8 sites in southern Poland:
4 metallicolous (MET) populations and 4 non-metallicolous
(NON). Morphological analysis was based on 12 qualitative and
quantitative characters, using correspondence analysis (CA). To
analyze the genetic diversity of V. tricolor populations we used
ISSR markers. CA showed that MET populations do not form
any compact group. In phenotypic characters MET populations
do not differ significantly from NON populations. Quite the
contrary seems to happen; based on analyses of genetic parameters,
we conclude that the effect of polluted environments on the
genetic diversity of MET populations, separating them from the
NON populations, is evidence of microevolutionary processes,
leading to the emergence of local ecotypes.
EFFECT OF SHOrT-TErM TrEATMENT OF ALUMI-
NUM ON ANTIOxIdANT ENZYME ACTIVITY OF PEA
(Pisum sAtivum L.) rOOT NOdULES
Sujkowska-rybkowska Marzena. Warsaw University of Life
Sciences – SGGW, Department of Botany, 159 Nowoursynowska
St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland, marzena_sujkowska@sggw.pl
Two weeks old pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants were treated with
50 μM of aluminum chloride for either 2 h or 24 hrs. Following
treatment the parameters investigated in pea root nodules
were Al-uptake, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS),
viz. O 2∙ - and H 2O 2 and activities of antioxidant enzymes: catalase
(CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX).
Aluminum accumulation was found chiefly in the apoplast of
nodule cortex, endodermis and meristem. An intensive synthesis
of peroxide was detected in nodules cortex, infection threads
and bacteroidal tissue. Increased level of superoxide in nodules
treated with Al was detected in meristem and bacteroidal tissue.
Oxidative stress conditions were evidenced mainly in the mitochondria.
The activity of SOD (EC 1.15.1.1), POX (EC 1.11.1.7)
and GPX (E.C. 1.11.1.7) in Al-treated nodules and roots of pea
increased, whereas CAT (EC 1.11.1.6) activity decreased. Thus,
high POX and SOD activities may play a role in ROS detoxification
during Al stress in the nodules. The findings provided
evidence that Al-induced oxidative stress in pea root nodules
may be partially alleviated through up- or down-regulation of
some enzymes involved in oxidative metabolism.
GLANdULAr ANd SNAP TENTACLES OF SUNdEWS
(droserA SP.)
Sulwiński Marcin. Warsaw University of Life Sciences
– SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland,
msulwinski@wp.pl
Sundews (Drosera) are carnivorous plants. They attract, catch,
kill and digest insects, mainly to supplement a deficiency of
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nitrogen and potassium in soil. Leaves of all species are covered
by numerous glandular tentacles. Each of them consists
of a stalk and head surrounded by sticky mucilage. Mucilage
attracts insects and prevents their escape. Glandular tentacles
have the ability to bend toward captured prey, secrete digestive
enzymes and absorb nutrients. Some species also have a small
number of tentacles called “snap tentacles”. They are located on
the leaf edge and do not produce mucilage. Compared to typical
glandular tentacles, snap tentacles of Drosera burmannii bend
much faster. Anatomy of their head, lack of mucilage and acid
phosphatase, indicate that snap tentacles do not secrete enzymes
or absorb nutrients. It is more likely that their role is fast immobilization
of caught prey, or prevention from having prey stolen
by ants.
dIFFErENTIATION OF POLLEN GrAIN SIZES IN
sidA hermAPhroditA (L.) rUSBY (mAlvAceAe)
Szczuka Ewa1 , Piersiak Tomasz2 , Chudzik Barbara3 , Borkowska
Halina4 , Giełwanowska Irena5 . 1–3Maria Curie -Skłodowska
University in Lublin, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin,
Poland; 1Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology,
aszczuka@hektor.umcs.lublin.pl; 2Department of Comparative
Anatomy and Antropology; 3Department of Cell Biology;
4University of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Production,
15 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland; 5aUniversity of Warmia and Mazury, Department of Plant Physiology and
Biotechnology, 1A Oczapowskiego St., 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
5bPolish Academy of Sciences, Department of Antarctic Biology,
10/12 Ustrzycka St., 02-141 Warsaw, Poland
The size of pollen grains of the energetic plant Virginia fanpetals
was investigated using 2D and 3D confocal microscopy
(CLSM). Anthera with pollen grains were collected in June,
August and October 2009. They were fixed in AA and stained
with eosine (Eosin Y). The miniferet, the feret, and the shape
coefficient of the individual pollen grains were measured using
Image 1.43e software. The size of pollen grains of S. hermaphrodita
(both those collected in three different months and those
collected in the same period) showed essential differentiation.
The most numerous pollen grains (54.19%) had a Feret diameter
of 40– 50 µm and were found in anthera collected in June; the
least numerous in October. The mean maximum Feret’s diameter
of the grains was 41.51 µm (SD 9.30), the mean minimum
Feret’s diameter was 36.19 µm (SD 8.52). The ratio of the two
diameters was 1.13 (SD 0.16), and the shape coefficient was 0.86
(SD 0.089).
ANATOMY ANd FUNCTIONING OF SECONdArY xY-
LEM IN dECLINING EUrOPEAN ASH (frAxinus excelsior
L.) TrEES
Tulik Mirela, Marciszewska Katarzyna, Adamczyk Jacek.
Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Division
of Forest Botany, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw,
Poland; mirela.tulik@wl.sggw.pl; katarzyna.marciszewska@
wl.sggw.pl; jacek.adamczyk@wl.sggw.pl
Since the 1990’s the progressive process of ash-tree decline
has been observed in European countries and in North America
where it concerns Fraxinus nigra and Fraxinus velutina.
This work is a continuation of studies on the anatomy and
functioning of stem secondary xylem in relation to the decline
of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) recently published in
Annals of Forest Science 2010, vol. 67/1: 103– 111. Anatomical
analyses were carried out on wood samples collected at breast
height from the main stem of healthy, weakened and dead ash
trees. The wood samples comprised all annual rings formed
during the 30-year life of the analysed trees. The largest vessels
were observed in healthy trees, which implied that they
had the highest hydraulic conductivity, whereas trees consid-