acta societatis botanicorum poloniae - LV Zjazd Polskiego ...

a comparison of three measurements that take into account at
least species richness, the share of characteristic species and the
share of synanthropic species.
EFFECT OF THE PArTIAL rEMOVAL OF A BLACK
LOCUST STANd ON COMMUNITY dYNAMICS IN THE
BIELANY FOrEST, WArSAW, PL
Chojnacki Jan. Warsaw University, Institute of Botany, 4 Ujazdowskie
Av., 00-478 Warsaw, Poland, jch@biol.uw.edu.pl
To support the transformation of Bielany woodland dominated
by black locust into natural forest, more than half of the black
locust trees were cut in 1999. Vegetative offspring of black locust
were also subsequently removed. Over 10 successive years
the composition and abundance in the herb layer and tree undergrowth
was recorded on permanent plots. Rate of change in
community structure was highest during the first 2 years after
canopy thinning. Rate of change declined afterwards. Abundant
offspring of native trees spreading within gaps were composed
virtually of wind-dispersed species, especially maples and
elms. Further development of the understory was determined
by varying growth rates and subsequent size differentiation of
individuals. Changes in the herb layer varied regarding different
ecological groups of plants. Perennials typical of deciduous forest
showed a light increase in cover. Species typical of shadow
forest margins, at first highly increased in abundance, and then
markedly decreased. Numerous ruderal species appeared only
temporarily just after canopy opening but some survived to the
end of the studied period. Diversity indices and Ellenberg light
figure showed temporal rise and then fall, corresponding to the
main pattern of change in the ground flora. So far, the restoration
effects resulting from black locust cuts does not seem to be
very pronounced.
PLANTATIONS OF convAllAriA mAjAlis L. AS
A THrEAT TO THE NATUrAL STANdS OF THE SPE-
CIES: GENETIC VArIABILITY OF THE CULTIVATEd
PLANTS ANd NATUrAL POPULATIONS
Chwedorzewska Katarzyna J. 1 , Kosiński Igor2 , Galera
Halina3 . 1Polish Academy of Science, Department of Antarctic
Biology, 10/12 Ustrzycka St., 02-141 Warsaw, Poland,
kchwedorzewska@go2.pl; 2Medical University of Gdańsk,
Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, 107 Gen.
J. Hallera Av., 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland, gorkos@amg.gda.pl;
3Warsaw University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant
Ecology and Environmental Conservation, 4 Ujazdowskie Av.,
00-478 Warsaw, Poland, h.galera@uw.edu.pl
The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic variability and
relationships among the cultivated plants and those occurring
in natural stands using the AFLP technique. The present study
addresses the following question: does the spontaneous spread
of C. majalis plants which escape cultivation reflect the ecological
expansion of the species or is it a chorological expansion
of selected genotypes of C. majalis (alien plants). Seven primer
pairs used for AFLP profiling amplified 466 DNA fragments
that were used for multidimensional scaling and clustering. Individuals
were clearly distinguish. Groups of populations were
revealed according to their geographic origin (samples were
collected at three region of Poland). Samples from populations
collected in natural stands and cultivated in the same region
did not differ from each other significantly. These results suggest
that cultivated plants were probably obtained directly from
the natural stand and the influence of plant cultures on natural
populations was small.
Geobotany and Plant Cover Conservation
TAxONOMICAL HISTOrY OF “cArlinA onoPordifoliA
BESSEr”
Cieślak Elżbieta. Polish Academy of Sciences, W. Szafer Institute
of Botany, 46 Lubicz St., 31-512 Cracow, Poland, e.cieslak@
botany.pl
The taxon named by Besser (based on plants from the Podolia
region) in the first half of 19th century as “Carlina onopordifolia”,
is one of the rarest elements in Polish flora. In 1837 De
Candolle, having seen Besser’s specimen, included this taxon
into the variety β. cynara (Pourret) DC within C. acanthifolia
All. In the middle of 19th century, a distinct approach was proposed
by K. Łapczyński who placed it within C. acanthifolia
as a separate variety – var. spathulata. Łapczyński’s decision
was based on the study of specimens from the Lublin Upland,
but he did not having access to the Besser’s material. Although
many Polish botanists (e.g. Szafer, Pawłowski, Jasiewicz) undertook
further comparative investigations of C. onopordifolia
in relation to the C. acanthifolia complex, this apparently did
not result in any further taxonomic study. In the context of the
presented problem, an extensive research of genetic variability
and structure of C. onopordifolia has been undertaken by the
author. Preliminary results of a review of the literature have
shown, that the first valid published taxonomic diagnosis of
C. onopordifolia appeared in 1924 in “Rośliny polskie”, a field
key by Szafer, Kulczyński and Pawłowski. The lectotype of
this narrowly recognized species was designated in the monograph
of genus Carlina by Meusel and Kästner in 1994 and is
deposited in the De Candolle herbarium in Geneva. The mentioned
authors, based on morphological studies, distinguished
three subspecies within C. acanthifolia: a typical one, subsp.
cynara and subsp. utzka. C. onopordifolia named by Besser ex
Szafer, Kulczyński, Pawłowski was regarded as the synonym
of the latter.
THE STUdY OF dIVErSITY PATTErNS OF VASCU-
LAr PLANTS ON LAKE ISLANdS IN NE POLANd
Ciurzycki Wojciech 1 , Zalewski Marcin 2 . 1 Warsaw University
of Life Sciences – SGGW, Division of Forest Botany, 159 Nowoursynowska
St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland, wojtekc@wl.sggw.
pl; 2 Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre for Ecological Studies,
1 M. Konopnickiej St., Dziekanów Leśny, 05-092 Łomianki,
Poland
The question how abiotic and biotic factors influence regional
patterns of species occurrence and diversity is central to macroecology.
However, high quality data allowing the study of
main patterns of species distribution are still rare. Here we present
the first results of a research program aimed to infer and
to model various important ecological relationships. These are
relationships of a metacommunity of plants on 42 lake islands
and 9 mainland sites of the NE Poland lakes of Wigry, Mamry,
Mikołajskie, Bełdany and Nidzkie. Species occurrences and
abundances (number of individuals per sq. meter) were censused
applying stratified sampling. Vascular plant ecological indicator
values were used to measure local and regional habitat quality
and habitat diversity. All total, we recorded a distribution
of 310 species and abundances of 211 within archipelagos. The
plant project is one element of a broader program focused on
understanding the distribution of animals and plants within this
unique study area (Zalewski, Urlich 2006, Urlich et al. 2010).
Ulrich W., Hajdamowicz I., Zalewski M., Stańska M., Ciurzycki
W., Tykarski P. 2010. Species assortment or habitat filtering:
a case study of spider communities on lake islands. Ecol. Res.
25: 375– 381. Zalewski M., Ulrich W. 2006. Dispersal as a key
element of community structure: The case of ground beetles on
lake islands. Div. Distr., 12: 767– 775.
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