acta societatis botanicorum poloniae - LV Zjazd Polskiego ...

species of the class Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei and Querco-
Fagetea often occur in the communities occupied by O. mayeri.
This is associated with a progressing secondary succession and
the mosaic pattern of phytocoenoses. The aim of the study was
to estimate the abundance, hosts and habitat preferences at the
new localities. A supplemented map of the distribution in Europe
and Poland is given.
dISTrIBUTION ANd ExPANSION TENdENCIES OF
herAcleum mAnteGAzziAnum SOMMIEr & LEVI-
Er [h. sosnowskyi MANDEN.] oN JęDRZEJóW
PLAtEAU AND ADJACENt AREAS (MAŁoPoLSKA
UPLANd)
Piwowarski Bartosz1 , Maciejczak Bożenna2 . 1Jagiellonian University, Institute of Botany, Departament of Plant Taxonomy
and Phytogeography, 27 Kopernika St., 31-501 Cracow, Poland,
bartosz.piwowarski@uj.edu.pl; 2The Jan Kochanowski University
of Humanities and Sciences, Institute of Biology, Departament
of Botany, 15 Świętokrzyska St., 25-406 Kielce, Poland,
maciejka@ujk.edu.pl
Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier and H. sosnowskyi
Manden. are alien and invasive species which endanger
the native flora of Europe. Their systematic position is still
unclear, therefore in this work they are treated as the same taxa.
This plant was brought to Poland in the 70’s, as H. sosnowskyi,
which is known as a fodder species. It was chiefly grown on
State Agricultural Farms (Polish: Polskie Gospodarstwa Rolne
– PGR). The authors treat the State Agricultural Farm as the
source of the spread of this species. From the farms this plant
eventually appeared on the Jędrzejów Plateau (Małopolska
Upland). There are 15 stations of H. mantegazzianum [H. sosnowskyi],
which are visibly grouped in the west part of the studied
area. The most numerous stations are located in the neighborhood
of Sędziszów, Słupia and Rożnica. H. mantegazzianum
[H. sosnowskyi] occupies humid and nitrophilous habitats with
synantropic or semi-natural character. It appears mainly along
roads and tracks. It was observed, that there has been an effort
to control H. mantegazzianum [H. sosnowskyi] in many places,
by mowing and herbicide spray, unfortunately such efforts have
been unsuccessful.
THE ExTINCTION OF STATIONS OF PulsAtillA PAtens
(L.) MILL. SUBSP. PAtens (AMErICAN PASqUEfLoWER)
oN tHE MAŁoPoLSKA UPLAND
Podgórska Monika1 , Bróż Edward2 . The Jan Kochanowski
University of Humanities and Sciences, 15 Świętokrzyska St.,
25-406 Kielce, Poland, 1Independent Department of Environment
Protection and Modelling, iris@ujk.edu.pl; 2Department of Botany.
Pulsatilla patens (L.)Mill. subsp. patens is an endangered species
in significant part of its range. Because of this, it is protected
by The Berne Convention and The Habitats Directive. In
Poland this species is protected by law and has been placed in
“The Polish Red Data Book of Plants” (LR category), in “The
Red Data Book of the Polish Carpathians” (EX category) and on
the Polish “red list” (E category). In the “red list” of Małopolska
Upland it is considered a critically endangered species (CR category).
On the Małopolska Upland, there have been 18 stations
of the American pasqueflower. The earliest data of occurrence
of the species came from the end of the 19th century (4 stations).
Information about 14 other stations comes from the 20th
century, especially from the first part of the century (9 stations).
In recent years an attempt to trace and list all the stations of
the species in the subprovince has been undertaken. Results:
on 6 stations the species has been recognized as extinct (habitat
changes), the occurrence of the American pasqueflower on
9 stations has not been confirmed. This is despite the fact that its
Geobotany and Plant Cover Conservation
habitats have not been changed and the species could have still
grown there. Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill. subsp. patens now occurs
on 3 stations only. Till now there has been a lack of actual
reasons for the extinction of the species on the studied area.
SECTION elAtinellA SEUB. (elAtine L., ELATI-
NACEAE) IN EUrOPE
Popiela Agnieszka 1 , Łysko Andrzej 2 . 1 University of Szczecin
Department of Botany and Nature Conservation, 3c Z. Felczaka
St., 71-412 Szczecin, Poland, popiela@univ.szczecin.pl. 2 Western
Pomeranian University of Technology, Department of Environmental
Protection and Management, 17 Słowackiego St.,
71-434 Szczecin, Poland
The cosmopolitan family Elatinaceae is composed of just two
genera, i.e. Elatine L. and Bergia L. The Elatine L. has about
15– 25 taxa. The Bergia L. has about 25 species. The section Elatinella
Seub. (the subgenus Elatine (Hydropiper Moesz.) Seub.)
is known for the fact that it has the same number of stamens as
petals. The Elatine L. is comprised of eight species. One of the
species is found in Euroasia. Six of the species are found in Europe
of which three of the six are also found in North Africa.
One of the species is found in North America; in California. The
aim of the paper is to present data on the European distribution
of seven species of the section Elatinella. Maps were made using
the point-line method based on floristic and phytosociological
literature, search query at the Kew Herbarium, as well as the
web-based sources. The geographical ranges are as follows: Elatine
macropoda Guss., the west- mediterranean species grows
next to E. gussonei Guss. (the Malta and Lampedusa Isles) and
E. brochonii Clavaud (south-western France, the Iberian Peninsula,
north-western Africa), E. hexandra (Lapierre) DC (the
southern part of the Central European Lowland, southern Scandinavia,
British Isles, Central France), Elatine hydropiper L.
(the middle and northern part of Europe as well as scattered
distribution in Siberia), Elatine orthosperma L. (has a similar
distribution to E. hydropiper), E. hungarica Moesz. (scattered
distribution in eastern Europe).
PHYLOGEOGrAPHY OF rAnunculus GlAciAlis L.
– A COMPLEx rANGE HISTOrY OF AN ArCTIC-AL-
PINE SPECIES
Ronikier Michał 1 , Schönswetter Peter 2 . 1 Polish Academy of
Sciences, Institute of Botany, 46 Lubicz St., 31-512 Cracow, Poland,
m.ronikier@botany.pl; 2 University of Innsbruck, Institute
of Botany, Dept. of Systematics, Palynology and Geobotany,
15 Sternwartestraße St., 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Ranunculus glacialis is a stenotopic species occurring in the
high-alpine areas and arctic habitats of Europe and in a small
part of Beringia. In a detailed phylogeographical analysis based
on chloroplast DNA variation, 19 haplotypes were identified in
73 populations sampled throughout the whole range. Bayesian
analysis indicated that the principal intraspecific differentiation
comprised three distinct lineages which diverged at the onset of
the main Pleistocene glaciations, ca. 1 mya. Further divergence
occurred at several time horizons correlated with main glacial/
interglacial cycles. Two of the main lineages display a rigorous
geographical arrangement in the European populations (W Alps,
Pyrenees, Sierra Nevada vs. E Alps, Carpathians, European Arctic).
The third lineage has a highly divided distribution in Beringia
and Central Europe (Carpathians). The internal divergence
among these areas has been dated to 0.3 mya. The Alps constitute
the most likely primary area of intraspecific differentiation, while
the source area for the current third, disjunct lineage was located
in Beringia. The phylogeographical structure indicates a relative
stability of high-mountain distribution of lineages. This stability
is in contrast to the dynamic colonisation of the arctic areas,
which witnessed at least three long-distance migration waves.
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