acta societatis botanicorum poloniae - LV Zjazd Polskiego ...

COLONIZATION OF rECENT BLACK ALdEr WOOdS
BY WOOdLANd FLOrA
Orczewska Anna. University of Silesia, Faculty of Biology and
Environmental Protection, Department of Ecology, 9 Bankowa
St., 40-007, Katowice, Poland, anna.orczewska@us.edu.pl
Studies on colonization of the herb layer of post-agricultural,
black alder woods by woodland flora and on edaphic, hydrological
and light conditions responsible for colonization mechanisms
present in such woods, were undertaken. The survey was carried
out in Oleśnica Plain and Żmigród Valley, in the habitat of an
oak-hornbeam community, alder-ash carrs, and wet alderwoods.
In the transects laid out perpendicularly across the ancient-recent
border, data were collected. Collections were on herb layer
composition, chemical soil properties, and on illumination level.
Groundwater level was also recorded in piezometers. Migration
rates were calculated for 51 forest plant species. Mean migration
rates for wet alderwoods reached 1.20– 1.60 m∙yr -1 , for oak-hornbeam
forests 1.17– 1.63 m∙yr -1 and for alder-ash carrs 0.79– 1.26
m∙yr -1 . Although there was a group of slow colonizing species,
many herbs colonised recent woods, and migrated with a pace
exceeding 2– 3 m∙yr -1 . In wet and fertile recent forests adjacent
to ancient woods, migration proceeds faster than in poorer and
drier sites. Forest age, pH, humus type, and groundwater level
provided the highest contribution for explaining the distribution
pattern of woodland species in recent woods. Urtica dioica
avoided sites with a high level of groundwater, combined
with poor illumination. To create the best conditions allowing
for forest recovery, maintenance of a good water regime and
shade on the forest floor are needed (competitive exclusion is
reduced). Project supported from Grant No. 2P04F 059 29, between
2004– 2007.
ECOHYdrOLOGICAL CONdITIONS OF THE VEGE-
TATION IN SPrINGS IN THE EArLY GLACIAL LANd-
SCAPE OF THE POMErANIA rEGION
Osadowski Zbigniew. Pomeranian Pedagogical University,
Department of Botany and Genetics, 22B Arciszewskiego St.,
76-200 Słupsk, Poland, osadowsk@sl.onet.pl
Phytosociological, hydrological, hydrochemical and landscape
investigations were performed in 122 spring complexes over
the years of 2000– 2008. The research objects were located in
the basins of rivers flowing through Przymorze: Rega, Parsęta,
Wieprza, Słupia, Łupawa and Łeba. The aim of the study was
to determine the qualitative and quantitative influence of
ground waters on the spatial distribution of plant communities.
These were plant communities developing on the solid bottom
of spring niches, on boggy substrate and in the linear spring
outflows. The synthetic elaboration of vegetation revealed the
presence of 14 syntaxa. The syntaxa represented the communities
of bryophytes from the Fontinaletea antipyreticae class,
springs of the Montio-Cardaminetea class as well as flowing
waters of the Phragmitetea class (Sparganio-Glycerion fluitantis).
The performed ordination analyses revealed significant
differences between the consecutive groups of spring communities.
The structure of communities which developed on
solid bottom of spring niches depended on physico-chemical
parameters and macroelement concentrations in ground water
outflows. Even stronger relationships between plant communities
and those parameters as well as biogenes were observed
for communities developing on boggy substrates or at the
places of coerced mineral and organic accumulation. In turn,
the communities of linear spring outflows revealed significant
relationships with the hydrological factors of flow velocity and
outflow efficiency, followed by physico-chemical parameters
of ground waters.
Geobotany and Plant Cover Conservation
THE ENVIrONMENTAL ANd VEGETATIONAL IM-
PACT ON THE INVASION OF BLACK CHErrY Prunus
serotinA EHrH. IN KAMPINOS NATIONAL PArK
otręba Anna. Kampinoski Park Narodowy, 38 Tetmajera St.,
05-080 Izabelin, Poland, aotreba@kampinoski-pn.gov.pl
In order to explain the condition of the invasion of the black
cherry Prunus serotina Ehrh., the comparative studies of its
growth and dispersal were undertaken using designated sites.
The source of the seed dispersal are two former forest nurseries,
where black cherry was planted in the 1960’s. One of these
nurseries is located on sand dunes covered in pine forest. The
other former nursery is now an oak-hornbeam forest. Tree and
shrubbery measurements and phytosociological relevés were
surveyed in 2009. The plots were situated on the areas forking
out in all direction from the source. In order to compare the
habitat conditions, soil and light property were conducted. The
research is being financed from the Ministry of Science and
Higher Education grant number N305078236.
PHYTOCOENOTIC dIVErSITY OF rOAd-FOrEST
ECotoNES IN tHE GóRZNo-LIDZBARK LAND-
SCAPE PArK
Paszek Iwona 1 , Załuski tomasz 2 . Nicolaus Copernicus University,
Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz,
Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany,
9 M. Skłodowskiej-Curie St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
1 ipaszek@cm.umk.pl; 2 tzaluski@cm.umk.pl
In examined ecotones 167 plant communities from 17 classes
were found. The definite majority was non-forest vegetation.
Carpet, meadow, grassland and heathery phytocoenoses (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea,
Calluno-Ulicetea, Koelerio-Corynephoretea
and Festuco-Brometea) constitute a large group. Thermophilous
edge communities (Trifolio-Geranietea) are frequent.
Whereas in the group of forest and shrub communities, the
most frequent are communities from the Querco-Fagetea and
Vaccinio-Piceetea classes. The highest number of communities
was noted in habitats of meso- and hygrophilous forms of oaklinden-hornbeam
forest (Tilio-Carpinetum corydaletosum, T.-
C. typicum, T.-C. calamagrostietosum, Acer platanoides-Tilia
cordata). Considerably less phytocoenoses were noted in habitats
of thermophilous forests (Potentillo albae-Quercetum, Tilio-Carpinetum
melittetosum), mixed coniferous forests (Querco
roboris-Pinetum, Serratulo-Pinetum) and pine forests (Peucedano-Pinetum).
The lowest number of communities was noted
in habitats of wet and bog forests (Fraxino-Alnetum, Ficario-
Ulmetum minoris, Ribeso nigri-Alnetum, Vaccinio-Betuletum
pubescentis). In the examined ecotones, 112 phytocoenoses
occured on roadsides, 41 – in shrub forest edges, 38 – in carriageways,
18 – in forest margins and 8 – in fire-fighting lines.
This means that forest roads, especially roadsides, are distinctly
increasing the phytocoenotic diversity of the forest complex.
“STEPPIC” FLOrA IN POLANd: THE HISTOrY, THE
PrESENT ANd THE (ENdANGErEd) FUTUrE
Paul Wojciech. Polish Academy of Sciences, W. Szafer Institute
of Botany, 46 Lubicz St., 31-512 Cracow, Poland, paul@
ib-pan.krakow.pl
Steppe-like vegetation is extrazonal in Poland, while its climax
areas are located in the Eurasiatic steppe and forest-steppe belt.
Among our “steppic” species (in practice identified with the
xerothermic ecological group) are probably present 3 migration-historic
elements: (i) relics of “cold steppes” of interglacial
protocratic phase, (ii) spontaneous migrants from southern
glacial refuges and (iii) species accompanying humans thanks
to open-biotope promotion by agriculture. Nowadays in Po-
51