acta societatis botanicorum poloniae - LV Zjazd Polskiego ...

55th Meeting of the Polish Botanical Society, Warsaw 2010
than in the autumn. The prevailing genus, both in terms of the
count and species diversity, turned out to be Aspergillus. Out
of the utilized rooms, the richest mycobiota was reported in
toilets, whilst the poorest one – in sports checkrooms. Over
55% of the identified species are included on the BioSafety
List. Ca. 35% of the fungi were isolated owing to the application
of an increased temperature of incubation. Typically
“household” species made up 1/5 of the taxa obtained. In the
springtime, the school rooms pose the most severe threat to
the health of their users, due to a wider spectrum of fungi,
including thermophilic ones, occurring there in that period. In
the heating season, poorer abstraction of moisture from buildings
results in colonization by saprophytic fungi. The application
of three temperatures of incubation enabled determining
a wide spectrum of mycobiota from the rooms, including fungi
potentially pathogenic to people.
ECTOMYCOrrHIZAL FUNGI IN rOOT SYSTEMS OF
WHITE POPLAr (PoPulus AlbA L.) IN “WIELKA
KęPA oStRoMECKA” NAtURAL RESERvE
Frymark-Szymkowiak Anna1 , Kieliszewska-rokicka Barbara1,2
. 1Kazimierz Wielki University, Institute of Environmental
Biology, Department of Mycology and Mycorrhiza,
30 Chodkiewicza St., 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland, afrymark@
ukw.edu.pl; 2Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology,
5 Parkowa St., 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
Most of temperate forest tree species develop mycorrhizal
symbiosis with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. Variability and
composition of ECM symbionts connected to the root system
of trees have an importance for tree fertility and health. Populus
species are among the few tree genera which may form
two mycorrhizal types: ECM and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM).
Data in literature on mycorrhiza of Populus are rather scarce.
A particularly small number of studies have been conducted
on mycorrhizal symbiosis of trees growing in natural riparian
forests. Different factors, such as tree genotype and age, and
environmental conditions, have been suggested to influence the
dual mycorrhizal colonization of poplar roots. This problem,
however, needs more research to be solved. So far, in roots of P.
alba a domination of ECM over AM fungi, or an exclusive presence
of ECM have been reported. The objective of this study
was to examine the diversity and composition of ECM fungi
in roots of P. alba in natural riparian forest of the Vistula valley
(“Wielka Kępa Ostromecka”). Soil samples were taken from
three soil layers: 0– 10cm, 10– 20cm, 20– 30cm. The root tips
were classified into morphotypes, based on their morphological
characteristics. ECM fungi were identified using the molecular
method based on analysis of rDNA.
THE botAnoPhilA-ePichloë INTErACTION IN
POPULATIONS OF WILd GrASS PuccinelliA distAns
IN POLANd
Górzyńska Karolina1 , Olszanowski Ziemowit2 , Leuchtmann
Adrian 3 , Lembicz Marlena1 . Adam Mickiewicz University,
Faculty of Biology, 89 Umultowska St., 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
1 2 Department of Plant Taxonomy, karjan@amu.edu.pl; Department
of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology; 3Plant Ecological
Genetics, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH Zürich,
CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
The presence of Botanophila species was noted in 4 populations
of the non-agricultural grass Puccinellia distans infected
with the fungus Epichloë typhina. During the seven-year field
observation, Botanophila flies were present each year only in
one population of P. distans, whereas in other populations the
flies were present or absent depending on the year. The number
of eggs per stroma ranged from 0 to 4 and differed with year
and site. Overall, eggs or brood chambers were observed only
74
on 132 (19.2%) of the stromata out of 687 examined during the
survey, with 1 (13.8%), 2 (4.5%) or > 2 (0.9%) per stroma. Yet,
90.8% of the examined stromata were fertilized and produced
perithecia suggesting that other vectors transferring spermatia
in addition to the flies must be present. We hypothesize that (1)
the high density of the fungus-infected individuals in the populations
of P. distans and/or (2) the short evolutionary time of
the Botanophila-Epichloë interaction may explain the limited
dependence of the fungus on the gamete transferring fly.
BrYOPHILOUS FUNGI FrOM PEAT-BOGS OF CEN-
TrAL POLANd
Grzesiak Barbara. University of Łódź, Division of Mycology,
Department of Algology and Mycology, 12/16 Banacha St.,
90-237 Łódź, Poland, grzesiak_b@tlen.pl
The theme of the presentation are preliminary results of observations
on bryophilous fungi conducted on seven peat-bogs
in Central Poland within the wider research. In the studied
communities of fen there are species closely related to mosses
belonging to the genera Galerina, Psilocybe, Lyophyllum and
Omphalina and facultatively bryophilous fungi and species
which are found also in neighboring communities, mostly
in the forests. In a large number of carpophores there were
fungi considered, that are parasites of Sphagnum: Lyophyllum
palustre and Galerina paludosa. In most bogs were: Laccaria
proxima, Psilocybe uda, Galerina paludosa, Lactarius helvus,
Mycena galopus, Russula emetica. Habitat preferences are observed
in relation to the tuft‘s positions and hollows in the bog.
The studied peat bogs are dwellings to many species listed in
the Red List of Polish macrofungi (Wojewoda, Ławrynowicz
2006).
hebelomA cAviPes HUIJSMAN – A COMMON SPE-
CIES NOT dISTINGUISHEd SO FAr IN POLANd
Kałucka Izabela 1 , Beker Henry J. 2 . 1 University of Łódź, Department
of Mycology, 12/16 Banacha St., 93-237 Łódź, Poland,
ikalucka@biol.uni.lodz.pl; 2 19 Rue Pere de Deken, 1040 Brussels,
Belgium, henry@hjbeker.com
Hebeloma is a genus widely distributed in Europe. It forms
ectomycorrhiza with both deciduous and coniferous trees, as
well as with some shrubs, showing different host-specificity.
Many species reveal pioneer abilities – they form mycorrhizae
with seedlings and young trees, frequently in mineral, also
initial or degraded soils, in natural as well as human-made
habitats. This underlies a very important role that these fungi
play in successional processes. Fungi of the genus Hebeloma
are very difficult for taxonomical interpretation and identification,
especially as different concepts of species delimitations
and numerous misidentifications exist. Currently, advanced
research on taxonomy and distribution of these fungi in Europe
is being carried out which includes collections from Poland.
Thorough examination, using also molecular methods,
have revealed that the number of Hebeloma species occurring
in the country is considerably higher than previously recorded.
Among the new taxa is H. cavipes, a species that appears
widely distributed and fairly common. Forty four records of
this species have already been confirmed, coming from northeastern
and central Poland as well as from the Krakowsko-
Częstochowska Upland. Among typical characters of this
species are the absence of cortina, greyish or pinkish tint on
the cap, floccose stem, weakly but distinctly dextrinoid, verrucose,
broadly amygdaloid to citriform spores, shape of cystidia
and raphanoid smell.