acta societatis botanicorum poloniae - LV Zjazd Polskiego ...

THE EFFECTS OF CAdMIUM IONS ON THE OrGANI-
ZATION OF CYTOSKELETON IN SOYBEAN CELLS
Kosakowska Halina, Gzyl Jarosław. Adam Mickiewicz University,
Department of Plant Ecophysiology, 89 Umultowska
St., 61-614 Poznań, Poland, jarekgzyl@ahoo.com
The cytoskeleton is a structure, which takes part in the most
important processes in plant cells such as growth and cell division.
However, little is still known about response of cytoskeleton
to stress factors, particularly to heavy metals. Cadmium is
one of the most toxic metals to plants. In the presented studies,
the growth measured by rate of fresh and dry weight of soybean
culture (Glycine max L. cv. navico) under cadmium stress, as
well as viability of cells analyzed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride
(TTC) reduction assay and Evans blue, were investigated.
The obtained results demonstrate an inhibition effect of cadmium
ions on growth of suspension in the range of 5– 50μM
Cd 2+ . The cytoskeleton elements were detected by immunocytochemical
methods with monoclonal antibody to α-tubulin or
rhodamine conjugated phalloidin. The mitotic activity of cells
treated with increasing concentrations of cadmium, was significantly
reduced. Moreover, the organization of microtubule and
actin arrays were disturbed in interphase cells as well as cells
during division. The studies will be continued in order to recognize
mechanisms responsible for cytoskeleton disturbances in
soybean cells exposed to cadmium ions.
INFLUENCE OF METHYL JASMONATE (MeJA) ON
THE dEVELOPMENT ANd dEFENSE MECHANISM
OF TOMATO lycoPersicon esculentum MILL.
Król Paulina, Kępczyńska Ewa. University of Szczecin, Department
of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, 13 Wąska St.,
71-415 Szczecin, Poland; krolpaulina@pocztao2.pl; ekepcz@
wp.pl
Phytohormones jasmonates play an important role in the induced
systemic resistance (ISR) against fungi. The present
study was carried out to determine whether methyl jasmonate
(MeJA) 1) has an activity against Alternaria porri f. sp. solani
in vitro; 2) as a potential inducer of ISR-is safe for plants; 3) had
an effect on enhanced defence responses including antioxidant
catalase (CAT), phenolic compounds and relate enzyme phenyloalanine
ammonia-lyase (PAL); 4) can be a pre-treatment of
plants providing significant protection against A. porri. Application
of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 mM MeJA to medium, inhibited spore
germination mycelial growth expressed as mycelia diameter and
dry weight. Pre-treatment of seeds with 0.01 and 0.1 mM MeJA
had no inhibitory effect on seed germination and seedling emergence,
level of chlorophyll a+b and reducing sugars in seedling
leaves, so is not toxic for the plant. However, 1 mM MeJA cannot
be used as an ISR inductor because of the distribution of the
above processes. Pre-treatment of seeds or seedlings with solution
or gaseous MeJA, respectively, at all tested concentrations,
increased contents and activities of defence markers: the total
phenols, including anthocyanins, PAL and CAT. Only 0.1 mM
MeJA significantly reduced diseases incidence. Thus treatment
of seeds or seedlings with MeJA at 0.1 mM provides a good,
environment-friendly protection against pathogen A. porri f. sp.
solani, possibly through the activation of phenolic compound
pathway, PAL and CAT.
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
CHLOrOPHYLL MUTANTS OF rYE (secAle cere-
Ale L.)
Kubicka Helena, Wolska-Sobczak Aneta, Pyza Agnieszka.
Botanical Garden – Center for Biological Diversity Conservation
of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 2 Prawdziwka St.,
02-973 Warsaw, Poland, kubickah@gmail.com
Chlorophyll mutations are very frequent in inbred generations
of rye. Two of them are analyzed in this paper. After continuous
self pollination they were established as the inbred lines chph
and L148bp. White longitudinal strips with constant widths were
observed on leaves and straws of the chph line. Line L148bp also
had white longitudinal strips they were, however, of different
width. The strips of L148bp appeared not only on leaves but on
straws and ears as well. Line L148bp also had exceedingly high
photosynthetic activity, which was almost equal to that of the
control with whole green leaves (D855). Lines with chlorophyll
changes in comparison with the control, had a lower number
of chloroplasts, granum and thylakoids, as well as a disturbed
lamellar system. These features were determined by nonallelic,
recessive genes marked as stw1 (chph) and stw2 (L148bp).
FtsH5 INVOLVEd IN THE dEGrAdATION OF LHCII
APOPrOTEINS
Luciński Robert 1 , Sypniewska Aneta, Jackowski Grzegorz.
Adam Mickiewicz University, Institute of Experimental Biology,
Department of Plant Physiology, 89 Umultowska St., 61-614
Poznań, Poland; 1 rtl@amu.edu.pl
Chloroplast proteases are assumed to play an important role in
the degradation of chloroplast proteins, including the ones of the
photosystem II, damaged due to plant exposure to adverse environmental
conditions. In the present work the role of FtsH5 in
the degradation of LHC II apoproteins was investigated. Exposition
of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves to four short- and long-term
stresses (high salt, desiccation, low temperature and excessive
irradiance) led to significant disappearance of Lhcb1/2, while
the Lhcb3 level remained unchanged or increased. In the presence
of cycloheximide the disappearance of Lhcb1/2 proceeded
at the same rate as in the absence of this inhibitor. No changes
in Lhcb1/2 level was observed during the exposition of leaves of
var1 mutant, devoid of FtsH5 protease, to the four stresses. Cycloheximide
treatment did not change Lhcb1/2 level either. The
in vitro incubation of thylakoids isolated from stressed leaves
of wild type plants resulted in further Lhcb1/2 disappearance
which was inhibited by the presence of phosphoramidon or preheating
of incubation mixture. These data clearly point to the
involvement of FtsH5 in the degradation of Lhcb1/2 apoproteins
under the four stress conditions.
THE rOLE OF CHLOrOPLAST PrOTEASE Atdeg2 IN
rESPONSE TO SHOrT TIME STrESSES
Luciński Robert 1 , Samardakiewicz Sławomir 2 , Misztal Lucyna
3 , Jackowski Grzegorz 4 . Adam Mickiewicz University,
Faculty of Biology, 89 Umultowska St., 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
1 Department of Plant Physiology, rtl@amu.edu.pl; 2 Laboratory
of Electron and Confocal Microscopy, sas@amu.edu.pl; 3 Department
of Biotechnology, lmisztal@amu.edu.pl; 4 Department
of Plant Physiology, grzesiek@amu.edu.pl
Deg2 is a serine-type protease peripherally attached to stromal
side of thylakoid membrane. Given the lack of knowledge concerning
its function, T-DNA insertion line with considerably
reduced level of Deg2 was prepared, in order to study the functional
importance of this protease in Arabidopsis thaliana. Deg2
repression did not cause compensatory changes in the abundances
of two other chloroplast-targeted proteases belonging to
Deg group – Deg5 and Deg8, but Deg2 repression did lead to
a decrease in accumulation of Deg1. Repression of Deg2 caused
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