acta societatis botanicorum poloniae - LV Zjazd Polskiego ...

in cytoplasm of the synergids and in the filliform apparatus in
fully developed ovules. In mature ovules these molecules appeared
as well in the nucellar cells, lining the way of the pollen
tube growth.
HEMP BrOOMrAPE (orobAnche rAmosA L.) dE-
VELOPMENT ON TOMATO rOOTS
dyki Barbara, Stępowska Anna, Borkowski Jan. The Institute
of Vegetable Crops, 1/3 Konstytucji 3 Maja St., 96-100
Skierniewice, Poland, barbara.dyki@iwarz.pl
Hemp broomrape (Orobanche ramosa L.) is a plant parasite.
Orobanche ramose L. constitutes a threat to soil species in
warm climates. It may also threaten Polish plants. The parasite
attacks tobacco, tomatoes and other plants. At the Institute of
Vegetable Crops research on the influence on the development
and yielding of tomato was carried out. Orobanche ramosa L.
seeds germinate in the presence of tomato only. Underground
tubercle with suckers formed achlorophylous stalks with scaly
leaves and bisexual flowers. The tubercle was covered by a thick
layer of cortex. Parenchyma cells and vascular bundles in the
arrangement characteristic for stem, constituted the interior
tissues. In the epidermis of aboveground stalk, numerous multicellular
glandular hairs were visible. Xylem cell walls were
characterized by helical and reticulate secondary thickenings.
It was also noted that vascular bundles were formed beyond the
central vascular cylinder. On the surface of the junction of parasite
and tomato root, no phloem cells were seen. But they were
observed above and below that place. In parenchyma cells of the
upper part of the inflorescence stem, a lot of starch grains were
observed. The starch grains were not noticed in the parenchyma
tissue of lower stem part. This indicates that Orobanche ramosa
L. is not able to syntethesize sugars. In addition, the presence
of starch grains in stems implies that parasite and host phloem
is joint. With the growth of Orobanche ramosa L. tissues,
polymorphic cells develop and grow in the direction of vessel
members’ tomato root and probably take part in the transport of
nutrient from the host plant.
THE PATHOGENESIS OF TOBACCO (nicotiAnA tAbAcum)
CV. SAMSUN INFECTEd WITH TOBACCO
rATTLE VIrUS (TrV)
Garbaczewska Grażyna, Otulak Katarzyna, Chouda Marcin.
Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska
St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland, Faculty of Agriculture
and Biology, Department of Botany, grazyna_garbaczewska@
sggw.pl
The aim of the ultrastructural studies was the Tobacco rattle
virus replication process localisation in tobacco plants infected
with the Polish isolates of TRV. Tobacco rattle virus
belongs to the Tobravirus family consisting of two species of
(+)ssRNA. Both RNA particles are capsidated separately and
are formed in two types of virus particles with 22.5 nm diameters:
long (L) 180 nm and short (S) from 55 to 114 nm. Nicotiana
tabacum cv. Samsun plants were infected the first time
with the use of nematode vectors, transmiting the stable TRV
isolates. Afterwards healthy tobacco plants were mechanically
inoculated with the obtained virus isolates. The samples
of inoculated and non-inoculated upper tobacco leaves were
collected for ultrastructural studies. We founded two types of
TRV particles: long and short particles capsidated in 22.5 nm
diameter and noncapsidated in 9 nm – viral particles were localised
in tobacco mesophyll cells 12 days after TRV infection.
TRV particles which formed inclusion in cytoplasm, are also
presented near mitochondrion and chloroplasts with strongly
modified structures. The non-capsidated TRV particles were
Plant Structure and Development
observed also in the cell nucleus. Our investigations indicate
that this plant’s cell organelle take part in TRV life cycle. The
viral particles are presented in xylem tracheary elements indicating
TRV systemic transport.
COrrELATION BETWEEN STrUCTUrE ANd FUNC-
TION OF CHLOrOPLASTS IN CHILLING-SENSITIVE
ANd CHILLING-TOLErANT PLANTS
Garstka Maciej1 , Mazur Radosław1 , Michalec Katarzyna 2 ,
Maj Anna2 , Zglinicki Bartosz1 , Gieczewska Katarzyna1,2 ,
Mostowska Agnieszka 2 . University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology,
1 Miecznikowa St., 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; 1Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, garstka@
biol.uw.edu.pl; 2Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology,
Institute of Experimental Plant Biology, mostowag@biol.
uw.edu.pl
Chilling stress induces different changes on structural, physiological
and molecular levels. In chilling-sensitive CS plants,
a decrease of photosynthetic activity can be observed while
the photosynthetic apparatus of chilling-tolerant CT plants is
much more resistant to chilling. Studies to elucidate different
responses from bean (CS plant) and pea (CT plant) to chilling
stress were undertaken. Periodic chilling – low temperature at
night and optimal temperature under light conditions, induced
substantial changes in the chloroplast structure of pea and bean.
However these changes were much slower in pea chloroplasts
(CT). Chilling caused changes in the organization of photosynthetic
pigment-protein complexes. Changes in levels of active
PSII centers were established in bean leaves by chlorophyll induced
fluorescence. Higher level of hydroxyperoxide and nitric
oxide in bean than in pea mesophyll cells was registered after
chilling. Observed changes indicate a close correlation between
structure and function of chloroplasts.
PHYSIOLOGICAL ANd ULTrASTrUCTUrAL rE-
SPONSES OF CELLS OF ArCTIC ANd ANTArCTIC
CArYOPHYLLACEAE ANd POACEAE TO ENVIrON-
MENTAL STrESS
Giełwanowska Irena 1,2 , Górecki ryszard 1 , Kellmann Wioleta
1 , Pastorczyk Marta 1 , Szczuka Ewa 3 . 1 University of
Warmia and Mazury, Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology,
1A Oczapowskiego St., 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
i.gielwanowska@uwm.edu.pl; 2 Department of Antarctic Biology,
PAS, 10 Ustrzycka St., 02-141 Warsaw, Poland; 3 Maria
Curie -Skłodowska University, Department of Plant Anatomy
and Cytology, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland
Microscopic analysis of the toluidine blue stained semi-thin sections
of shoots from Cerastium alpinum, Colobanthus quitensis,
Deschampsia antarctica, Melandrium angustifolium, Poa alpina
var. vivipara and Poa annua revealed the xerophytic (sclerophytic
and succulent) cell structure features. Ultrastructural observations
based on ultra-thin section stained with uranyl acetate and
lead citrate shows numerous starch granules in chloroplasts of
mesophyll cells. In stressful conditions starch is an osmotically
neutral compound and could serve as a readily available source of
energy and a raw material for the biosynthesis of cryoprotective
substances. Observed cell features, such as specific adjacency of
the organelles, irregular chloroplast surface with pocket-shaped
concavities, numerous long protrusions and vesicles, as well as
a highly developed system of inner mitochondrial membranes,
indicate tight cooperation between organelles and highly intense
metabolic processes in these plants. Defined specific cell structure
organization may be important for growth and development
of described plants in harsh environmental conditions that require
an intimate energy balance.
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