acta societatis botanicorum poloniae - LV Zjazd Polskiego ...

55th Meeting of the Polish Botanical Society, Warsaw 2010
GENETIC dIVErSITY OF Pinus muGo POPULA-
TIONS FrOM THE TATrA PEAT-BOGS
Celiński Konrad, Chudzińska Ewa. Adam Mickiewicz University,
Departament of Genetics, 89 Umultowska St., 61-614
Poznań, Poland, celinski@amu.edu.pl
Dwarf mountain pine (Pinus mugo Turra) is one of the most important
plant species in the Tatra Mountains. It usually grows at
the sub-alpine level, at an altitude of 1400– 1800 m.a.s.l. Lower
than this level, it can only be found growing in small populations
of several dozen individual trees in peat-bogs. The aim
of this study was to analyze the genetic structure of P. mugo
populations from Tatra peat-bogs. Five populations from the Tatra
National Park were divided into two groups: T and R. The
T group comprised individuals from three peat-bog populations.
The R group comprised individuals from two populations growing
elsewhere than peat-bog habitats. Altogether, 138 individuals
were analyzed. The genetic structure of the analyzed groups
of populations was determined through analysis of polymorphism
of microsatellites loci (SSR) – four chloroplast (cpSSR)
and three nuclear (nSSR). Cytogenetic analysis was carried out
as well. Based on the performed analyses it was shown that significant
differences in the allele frequencies and mean number
of alleles per locus can be found between the T and R groups.
The cytogenetic analysis showed that karyotypes of individuals
from T and R groups differ in length of chromosome arms, presence
of secondary constrictions, and distribution of C-bands
and NOR-chromosomes. Within the T group high values of the
genetic distance between populations was observed. The results
obtained in this study show high genetic differentiation of P.
mugo populations from the Tatra peat-bogs.
THE dIFFErENT rEACTIONS OF THE SCOTS PINE
(Pinus sylvestris L.) POPULATION TO HEAVY-
METAL POLLUTION WHICH SHOWEd UP IN THE
MOrPHOLOGICAL ANd ANATOMICAL TrAITS OF
NEEdLES.
Chudzińska Ewa 1 , rybicka Natalia 1 , diatta Jean 2 . 1 Adam
Mickiewicz University, Department of Genetics, 89 Umultowska
St., 61-614 Poznań, Poland, evpell@amu.edu.pl; 2 University
of Life Sciences, Department of Agricultural Chemistry,
71F Wojska Polskiego St., 60-625 Poznań, Poland
The occurrence of trees which differ with respect to their lifespan
has been registered in a naturally regenerated Scots pine
population in an area highly polluted by heavy metals. Tree
reaction to environmental stress was indicated by fluctuating
asymmetry, a peculiar measure which expresses the response of
Scots pine needles to industrial pollution. Two categories of tree
damage were distinguished. Reactions differed significantly
with regard to the trees ability to tolerate pollution. The following
features were discerned in the group of pollution-tolerant
trees: lower FA, longer needles, larger number of stomata on the
axial side of a needle, increased thickness of the cuticle layer
with epidermis as well as larger number of resin canals. The
observed differences in combination with such parameters as
growth, persistence of needles, production of seeds and their
ability to germinate, point to the different reactions to pollution
among trees of the same species. Given the high levels of heritability
of the features being studied, it could be assumed that
those differences concern adaptive features of the Scots pine
to an area polluted by heavy metals. It is probably one of the
signs indicating the alterations in the genetic structure of the
Scots pine population in the process of natural regeneration in
the industrial areas.
28
ANALYSIS OF THE GENETIC dIVErSITY OF SHrUB
BIrCH betulA humilis SCHrK. POPULATIONS
Jadwiszczak Katarzyna1 , Banaszek Agata1 , Jabłońska Ewa2 .
1University of Białystok, Institute of Biology, 20B Świerkowa
St., 15-950 Białystok, Poland, kszalaj@uwb.edu.pl; 2Univer sity of Warsaw, Institute of Botany, 4 Aleje Ujazdowskie Av.,
00-478 Warsaw, Poland
Genetic diversity plays a fundamental role in determining plant
and ecosystem adaptability to environmental changes. Hence it
is one of the most important factors in the preservation of endangered
species. Up till now nothing has been known about the
genetic diversity of an endangered glacial relict in central Europe:
the shrub birch Betula humilis. The dissapearance of the
shrub birch populations is a consequence of drainage, intensive
use of meadows, brushwood overgrowth, and forest vegetation.
Polish populations of shrub birch constitute the south-western
margin of the continuous range. We investigated 11 microsatellite
nuclear loci in nine marginal (Poland) and three central
(Belarus) populations. Average allelic diversity was almost the
same in central (7.76) and marginal (7.10) localities. Observed
heterozygosity ranged from 0.442 to 0.687. Expected heterozygosity
displayed a similar level of variance, ranging from 0.457
to 0.741. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed no
differentiation between marginal and central populations. In
AMOVA analysis most of the variation was found within localities
(96.85%).
AdAPTABILITY OF FIr ANd LArCH IN POLANd
TO CLIMATE CHANGE OUTSIdE THEIr NATUrAL
rANGE (dENdrOCHrONOLOGICAL rESEArCH).
Koprowski Marcin. Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty
of Biology and Earth Science, Institute of Ecology and Environment
Protection, Laboratory of Dendrochronology, 9 Gagarina
St., 87-100 Torun, Poland, koper@umk.pl
Today, the species composition of forest trees is often more
heavily influenced by people than by nature, with forest management
limiting the natural extended reach of trees. Poland has
a transitional climate because it is between Atlantic and continental
air masses. For this reason there are few natural species
boundaries. Recently it has been argued that some forest trees
could have migrated beyond their natural areas. Nevertheless,
in some regions many tree species were introduced and the
presence of surviving 150-year-old trees is witness to this. The
aim of this work was to build chronologies for fir and larch species
outside their natural range; to investigate climate-growth
relationships and compare results with prevailing ecological
knowledge. Preliminary results from two sites in north and
northeastern Poland are presented. The results showed that, for
fir, temperature played a dominant role on growth during the
previous September (negative dependence) and temperature is
playing a dominant role on growth for the current March. Larch
is, however, sensitive to previous July temperatures (negative
dependence) and current January and May temperatures.
VArIABILITY, ExPrESSEd IN MICrOSATELLITE
CHLOrOPLAST dNA (cpdNA) OF SILVEr FIr (Abies
AlbA MILL.) PrOGENY GrOWING IN AN ExPErI-
MENTAL PLOT IN THE TISOVIK rESErVE
Pawlaczyk Ewa M. 1 , Bobowicz Maria A. 2 Adam Mickiewicz
University, Department of Genetics, 89 Umultowska St., 61-614
Poznań, 1 ewapaw@amu.edu.pl; 2 mabwa@amu.edu.pl
Progeny of 19 maternal trees of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)
from the Tisovik Reserve, growing in an experimental plot in
the Hajnówka Forest Division, was analyzed in terms of 4 loci
of cpDNA. The Tisovik Reserve is a small, isolated and natu-