Health Inequities in Manitoba: Is the Socioeconomic Gap

Appendix 1: Glossary
196 University of Manitoba
Depression
The proportion of residents aged 10 or older diagnosed with depression over a five–year period, by any
of the following:
• one or more hospitalizations with a diagnosis for depressive disorder, affective psychoses, neurotic
depression or adjustment reaction, ICD–9–CM codes 296.2–296.8, 300.4, 309, 311; ICD–10–CA codes
F31, F32, F33, F34.1, F38.0, F38.1, F41.2, F43.1, F43.2, F43.8, F53.0, F93.0
• one or more physician visits with a diagnosis for depressive disorder, affective psychoses or
adjustment reaction, ICD–9–CM codes 296, 309, 311
• one or more hospitalizations with a diagnosis for anxiety disorders, ICD–9–CM code 300; ICD–10–CA
codes F32.0, F34.1, F40, F41, F42, F44, F45.0, F451, F452, F48, F68.0, F99
• one or more physician visits with a diagnosis for anxiety disorders, ICD–9–CM code 300
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition in which the pancreas no longer produces enough insulin
(type 1 diabetes) or when cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced (type 2 diabetes), so
that glucose in the blood cannot be absorbed into the cells of the body. The most common endocrine
disorder, diabetes mellitus affects many organs and body functions, especially those involved in
metabolism, and can cause serious health complications including renal failure, heart disease, stroke,
and blindness. Symptoms include frequent urination, fatigue, excessive thirst, and hunger. Also called
insulin–dependent diabetes, type 1 diabetes begins most commonly in childhood or adolescence and
is controlled by regular insulin injections. The more common form of diabetes, type 2, can usually be
controlled with diet and oral medication. Another form of diabetes called gestational diabetes can
develop during pregnancy and generally resolves after the baby is delivered.
In this report, diabetes prevalence was calculated as the proportion of residents aged 19 and older
diagnosed with diabetes in a three–year period, by at least two physician visits or one hospitalization
with a diagnosis of diabetes (ICD–9–CM code 250; ICD–10–CA codes E10–E14). Because data on
prescription medications is not available for all time periods in this analysis, prescription medication
use to treat diabetes was not included in the calculation of diabetes prevalence. The definition excludes
gestational diabetes.
Disparity Rate Difference (DRD)
Disparity Rate Difference (DRD) is one measure of a socioeconomic gap, subtracting the rate of the
lowest neighbourhood income group from the rate of the highest neighbourhood income group (i.e.,
R1 minus R5 or U1 minus U5). This is sometimes referred to in the text as the “rate difference”. There
is also a statistical test for the time comparison of the DRD, measuring the change in the DRD or rate
difference from the first to the last time period. This is given as a ratio of DRDs from the last time period
to the first time period. The p–value associated with this is also provided. DRDs can be thought of as a
way to express how many “more” (or “less”) events occur in the lowest neighbourhood income quintile
group compared to the highest.
Disparity Rate Ratio (DRR)
Disparity Rate Ratio (DRR) is one measure of a socioeconomic gap, dividing the rate of the lowest
neighbourhood income group by the rate of the highest neighbourhood income group (i.e., R1/R5 or
U1/U5). This is sometimes referred to in the text as the “rate ratio”. There is also a statistical test for the
time comparison of the DRR, measuring the change in the DRR or rate ratio from the first to the last time
period. This is given as a ratio of DRRs from the last time period to the first time period. We also supply
its 95% confidence interval and the p–value. DRRs can be thought of as a way to express the relative
increase or decrease in inequality between the lowest and highest neighbourhood income quintile
groups over time.