Health Inequities in Manitoba: Is the Socioeconomic Gap

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Chapter 1: Introduction and Methods 4 University of Manitoba The outcome indicators reflect both the planning and decision making needs, and the availability of population–based data to measure these outcomes. In addition, previous MCHP research reports have explored the validity of these indicators using administrative data. Neighbourhood Income Quintile Groups: Further Explained The basic concept of inequality is represented by the neighbourhood income quintile groupings used in all analyses—five groupings of neighbourhood income (from lowest to highest) in both urban (Winnipeg and Brandon) and rural (all other regions) Manitoba. R1 (rural) and U1 (urban) are the lowest neighbourhood income groups; R5 (rural) and U5 (urban) are the highest neighbourhood income groups. As well, each indicator is also analysed for the “not found” group (NF)—a group of people whose average household neighbourhood income is not available in the census data, since these people live in a dissemination area of the census that is an institution or that represents a government agency building. There is limited discussion in the main body of this report on the NF group (which is a relatively small group of Manitobans), but a summary of findings is given in Chapter 9. The NF group appears to be a group at very high risk, requiring further study. Figure 1.1 presents a map of the DAs by neighbourhood income quintile group. In the map, Winnipeg and Brandon RHAs are shown in separate side maps. These represent the “urban neighbourhood income quintile groups” U1 (lowest) to U5 (highest) average household income. The rest of the province, on the main map, displays the nine non–urban RHAs—South Eastman, Central, Assiniboine, North Eastman, Interlake, Parkland, Burntwood, Nor–Man, and Churchill RHAs with the DA areas in each, from R1 (lowest) to R5 (highest) average household income. Neighbourhood income quintiles represent approximately 20% of the population in the relevant grouping (rural or urban), ranked by the average household income. Thus there are different “break points” of neighbourhood income in rural or urban quintile groupings. In this report, a person is assigned to a specific neighbourhood income quintile via the postal code conversion file (PCCF), which links a postal code to the census data. Neighbourhood income quintiles are calculated for the Manitoba population separately for each year, so individuals are always assigned the correct quintile relevant to the time point of the indicator. For example, an urban or rural income quintile created for the 1984 Manitoba population will use the average household income values reported in the 1986 census year. The average household incomes are sorted from lowest to highest and then divided into five groups, thereby dividing 20% of the population in each urban or rural income group. Population–based average household income cut–offs for assigning a person to a neighbourhood income quintile are centred between census years, with 1984–1988 based on the 1986 census, 1989–1993 on the 1991 census, 1994–1998 on the 1996 census, 1999–2003 on the 2001 census, and 2004–2008 on the 2006 census. A person can change neighbourhood income quintiles annually, depending upon where they live at any given year and what their corresponding census dissemination area’s (DA) average household income is for that year. Please refer to the Glossary for more extensive information on income quintiles and the corresponding neighbourhood income quintile cut–offs for each of the rural and urban neighbourhood income quintile groupings by census year. For example, using the 2006 census year, the ranges of average household income values for urban quintiles were: greater than $0 up to $42,407 for U1, up to $54,663 for U2, up to $68,132 for U3, up to $87,201 for U4, and above that for U5. In rural neighbourhood income quintiles, DAs with an average household income greater than $0 up to $41,576 for R1, up to $47, 929 for R2, up to $53,811 for R3, up to $65,235 for R4, and above that for R5.
Health Inequities in Manitoba: Is the Socioeconomic Gap in Health Widening or Narrowing Over Time? Figure 1.1: Distribution of Rural and Urban Neighbourhood Income Quintiles, 2006 Census Data Dissemination Areas * This page edited November 1, 2012. Distribution of Rural Income Quintiles, 2006 Census Data Dissemination Areas Quintile Breaks are at different points in Winnipeg & Brandon Charles Burchill, Manitoba Centre for Health Policy. January 2009 Charles Burchill, Manitoba Centre for Health Policy. January 2009 Based on 20% Based Population on 20% Population groups of groups Average of Household Average Household Income Income by Census by Dissemenination Census Dissemenination Areas. Census Areas. Census of Canada of Canada 2006. 2006. Winnipeg Legend Income Quintiles R1 or U1 (lowest income) R2 or U2 R3 or U3 R4 or U4 R5 or U5 (hightest income) Brandon * Note: white areas in map indicate census areas which are not enumerated (such as park areas). Manitoba Centre for Health Policy 5
Page 1 and 2: HEALTH INEQUITIES IN MANITOBA: Is t
Page 3 and 4: About the Manitoba Centre For Healt
Page 5 and 6: Dr. Patricia Martens acknowledges t
Page 7 and 8: Key findings: High School Completio
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures Figure 1.1 Distribu
Page 11 and 12: Figure 4.27 Adjusted Lorenz Curve f
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Page 15 and 16: List of Tables Table E.1 Changes in
Page 17 and 18: Figure A3.6 Adjusted Lorenz Curve f
Page 19 and 20: Executive Summary Health status and
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Page 25 and 26: Table E.1: Continued Indicator RURA
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Figure 4.18: Dental Extraction Rate
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Figure 4.26: Breastfeeding Initiati
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References: Health Inequities in Ma
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Figure 5.2: Diabetes Prevalence Ove
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Figure 7.2: Prevalence of Cumulativ
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Dementia Health Inequities in Manit
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Reference Health Inequities in Mani
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Reference Health Inequities in Mani
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Table 9.1: Continued Indicator RURA
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Figure A3.2: High School Appendix C
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Health Inequities in Manitoba: Is the Socioeconomic Gap

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