Health Inequities in Manitoba: Is the Socioeconomic Gap

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Chapter 4: Child Health 48 University of Manitoba Urban: • From T1 to T8, the teenage pregnancy rates across most urban neighbourhood income quintile groups peaked in 1996–1998 and dropped below rates in the first time period. The exception is U1, where teen pregnancy rates were higher in the last time period than in the first time period. • The disparity between U1 and U5 increased substantially over time. The rate ratio of U1 compared to U5 was 4.93 in the first time period and 9.95 in the last time period, for a statistically significant increase of 102%. The absolute difference gap of teenage pregnancy comparing U1 to U5 also statistically significantly increased by 25% over time, from 76.44 more teenage pregnancies per 1,000 in the R1 teens compared to the R5 teens in the first time period, to 94.96 more pregnancies per 1,000 in the last time period. Lorenz Curves: Rural over time: • In T1, 39.5% of teenage pregnancy occurred in the 22.2% of the population in the lowest neighbourhood income quintile group R1, with the Gini coefficient of 0.197 indicating a statistically significant disparity. • In T8, 44.7% of teenage pregnancies occurred in the 22.5% of the population in the lowest neighbourhood income quintile group R1, with the Gini coefficient of 0.286 indicating a statistically significant disparity. • The Gini coefficient increased from the first to the last time period (p
Health Inequities in Manitoba: Is the Socioeconomic Gap in Health Widening or Narrowing Over Time? • The disparity rate differences (i.e., the absolute difference of the teenage pregnancy rate between the lowest and highest neighbourhood income groups) appear to be increasing over time. Whereas the absolute differences are consistently statistically significantly higher in urban, indicating a larger rate difference between lowest and highest neighbourhood income groups in urban Manitoba, this gap appears to be narrowing in the most recent time periods. What is this telling us? • Although teenage pregnancy rates are declining over time in nearly all rural and urban neighbourhood income groups, the socioeconomic gap in teenage pregnancies is widening over time for both rural and urban Manitobans. • By all measures, the socioeconomic gap is larger in urban than in rural Manitoba. • The teenage pregnancy rate is lower in the last time period than in the first time period for all rural and urban neighbourhood income groups, except for the lowest neighbourhood income group in urban Manitoba, where it is higher in the last time period than in the first time period. • The largest socioeconomic gap in teenage pregnancies is seen in the most recent time period (T8) for both rural and urban Manitoba, where nearly 45% of teenage pregnancies are experienced by the lowest neighbourhood income groups R1 and U1 which represent around one–fifth of the females aged 15–19 (22.5% of the teens aged 15–19 in rural groups, and 17.4% of the teens aged 15–19 in urban groups). • Relative differences in disparity rates for rural and urban Manitoba appear to be diverging, with urban showing an upward trend. • Absolute differences in disparity rates for rural and urban Manitoba appear to be converging, with urban showing a downward trend and rural showing an upward trend over time. Where to from here? • Further investigation is warranted to understand why the lowest neighbourhood income group in urban Manitoba is the only neighbourhood income group in rural or urban Manitoba where the teenage pregnancy rate has increased over time. • Further investigation is warranted to understand why absolute differences in disparity rate for rural Manitoba is increasing as urban Manitoba is decreasing. Manitoba Centre for Health Policy 49
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HEALTH INEQUITIES IN MANITOBA: Is t
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About the Manitoba Centre For Healt
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Dr. Patricia Martens acknowledges t
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Key findings: High School Completio
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List of Figures Figure 1.1 Distribu
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Figure 4.27 Adjusted Lorenz Curve f
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Figure 6.15 Hospitalization Due to
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List of Tables Table E.1 Changes in
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Figure A3.6 Adjusted Lorenz Curve f
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Executive Summary Health status and
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(derived from Table E.1’s columns
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Table E.1: Continued Indicator RURA
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Table E.1: Continued Indicator RURA
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Table Table E.2: E.2: Is Is the the
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Health Inequities in Manitoba: Is t
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Figure 5.18: Ischemic Heart Disease
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Figure 5.26: Multiple Sclerosis Pre
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References: Health Inequities in Ma
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Figure 6.2: Continuity of Care Prev
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Figure 7.2: Prevalence of Cumulativ
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Dementia Health Inequities in Manit
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Figure 7.10: Dementia Prevalence Ov
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Figure 7.18: Prevalence of Complete
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Reference Health Inequities in Mani
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Figure 8.2: Post-AMI Care: Beta-Blo
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Reference Health Inequities in Mani
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Table 9.1: Continued Indicator RURA
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Table 9.1: Continued Health Inequit
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Table A2.3: Crude Numbers of Mortal
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Table A2.5: Crude Numbers for High
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Table A2.7: Crude Numbers for Denta
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Table A2.11: Crude Numbers for Isch
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Table A2.13: Crude Numbers for Cont
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CONFIDENTIAL ‐‐ NOT FOR DISTRIB
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Table A2.17: Crude Numbers for Cumu
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Figure A3.2: High School Appendix C
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