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Health Inequities in Manitoba: Is the Socioeconomic Gap

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<strong>Health</strong> <strong>Inequities</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Manitoba</strong>: <strong>Is</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Socioeconomic</strong> <strong>Gap</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Health</strong> Widen<strong>in</strong>g or Narrow<strong>in</strong>g Over Time?<br />

aged 10–14 was not analysed due to <strong>the</strong> small number of events. There is a possibility that <strong>the</strong>re is<br />

miss<strong>in</strong>g data for this <strong>in</strong>dicator because of an <strong>in</strong>ability to pick up nurse practitioner, nurs<strong>in</strong>g station, and<br />

salaried physician work.<br />

Time Comparison of Disparity Rate Ratios (DRR)<br />

Measure of change <strong>in</strong> a socioeconomic gap over time. This is calculated us<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> difference between<br />

<strong>the</strong> lowest and highest neighbourhood <strong>in</strong>come groups and measur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> change <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>se differences<br />

from <strong>the</strong> latest time period relative to <strong>the</strong> oldest time period.<br />

Tuberculosis (TB)—see Hospitalization due to Tuberculosis (TB)<br />

Under Age Five Mortality<br />

An <strong>in</strong>dicator of death among <strong>in</strong>fants and children under age five. This <strong>in</strong>dicator is calculated by <strong>the</strong><br />

number of deaths per 1,000 children under age five, <strong>in</strong> each time period. Rates of death under <strong>the</strong> age<br />

of five is seen as an <strong>in</strong>dicator of health status, level of healthcare <strong>in</strong> an area, and <strong>the</strong> effectiveness of<br />

prenatal and child care.<br />

Urban<br />

Urban is an aggregate geography which <strong>in</strong>cludes <strong>the</strong> two urban centres <strong>in</strong> <strong>Manitoba</strong>, W<strong>in</strong>nipeg and<br />

Brandon.<br />

References<br />

Bonnefoy J, Morgan A, Kelly MP, Butt J, Bergman V. Construct<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> evidence base on <strong>the</strong> social<br />

determ<strong>in</strong>ants of health: A guide. Measurement and Evidence Knowledge Network (MEKN) of <strong>the</strong><br />

WHO Commission on Social Determ<strong>in</strong>ants of Heath. 2007. http://www.jenniferbutt.co.uk/images/<br />

construct<strong>in</strong>g_evidence_base_mekn.pdf. Accessed July 20, 2010.<br />

Dahlgren G, Whitehead M. Levell<strong>in</strong>g up (part 2): A discussion paper on European strategies for tackl<strong>in</strong>g<br />

social <strong>in</strong>equities <strong>in</strong> health. WHO Regional Office for Europe. 2006. http://www.euro.who.<strong>in</strong>t/__data/<br />

assets/pdf_file/0018/103824/E89384.pdf. Accessed July 20, 2010.<br />

Fransoo R, Martens P, Burland E, The Need to Know Team, Prior H, Burchill C. <strong>Manitoba</strong> RHA Indicators<br />

Atlas 2009. <strong>Manitoba</strong> Centre for <strong>Health</strong> Policy. 2009. http://mchp–appserv.cpe.umanitoba.ca/reference/<br />

RHA_Atlas_Report.pdf. Accessed July 20, 2010.<br />

G<strong>in</strong>i C. Variabilite mutabilita, 1912 (repr<strong>in</strong>ted <strong>in</strong> Memorie di metodologica statistica, Pizetti E and.<br />

Salvem<strong>in</strong>i, T. (Eds.)). Rome: Libreria Eredi Virgilio Veschi, 1955.<br />

Lorenz MC. Methods of measur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> concentration of wealth. Journal of <strong>the</strong> American Statistical<br />

Association. 1905;9:209–219.<br />

Statistics Canada Glossary. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census–recensement/2006/ref/dict/geo021–<br />

eng.cfm. Accessed July 20, 2010.<br />

<strong>Manitoba</strong> Centre for <strong>Health</strong> Policy 207

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