In Pursuit of the Gene

368 ¨ INDEX
Russia (continued)
Aleksandra; Serebrovsky, A. I.;
Vavilov, Nikolai I.
Rytting, Bryce, 95
Sachs, Julius, 70, 73
salivary gland chromosomes, 261, 262,
342n54
Saunders, Edith, 65, 114, 119, 121, 131,
137, 138
Savonarola, 140, 141
Schermerhorn Hall, “fly room” in,
198
Schleiden, Matthias J., 145–146, 314n1
Schneider, A., 149–150, 151
Schreiber, Johann, 87, 88
Schwann, Theodor, 145, 146, 314n1
scientists, De Candolle’s research on
backgrounds of, 26–30
sea urchin eggs, study of, 147–149, 150,
154–155
segregation, law of: chromosomes and,
162, 163; Darbishire’s work and,
132; De Vries and, 79, 107–108,
110–111, 120; Drosophila mutants
and, 180–181, 183, 200; Mendel’s
verification of, 94–96, 98, 107; Muller’s
defense of, 265. See also hybridization;
Mendelism; Mendel’s laws
selection. See natural selection
self-fertilization, 33, 329n45
sequencing, of human genome, 205,
282, 285–286, 287–289, 290
Serebrovsky, A. I., 235, 247, 255, 265
Seton, Alexander, 91
sex cells, formation of, 151–152, 153,
157, 159–162, 172, 228, 232, 318n41.
See also cell biology; chromosomes;
egg cells; sperm cells
sex determination: in aphids, 319n2;
chromosomal, 157–158, 165–173,
175–176, 321n22; cytoplasmic theory
of, 167–168, 172, 176; genic balance
theory of, 345n112; lethal
mutations and, 222–223, 225–226
short-wing (Drosophila mutation), 181–182,
191
shrimp, Weldon’s study of, 45
snapdragons, Darwin’s study of, 60
SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms),
287–288
Spanish Civil War, Muller’s role in,
267–268
species, Mendel’s assumptions about,
92. See also hybridization; mutations;
natural selection; variation
speck (Drosophila mutation), 178–179
Spencer, Herbert, 30
spermatids, 157, 160, 161, 318n41
spermatocytes, 159–161, 162, 318n41
spermatogonia, 159, 160–161, 318n41,
320n15
spermatozoa, 318nn41,46
sperm cells: chromosome distribution
within, 163, 175; in fertilization,
147–148, 150, 169; formation of,
157, 159–162, 170, 172, 174, 318n41;
in sex determination, 168, 169, 170,
171, 172, 175–176
“sports”: as chromosomal recombination
events, 215–217, 333n24; evolutionary
role of, 54, 55, 58, 83; as
sources of discontinuous variation,
42–43, 49, 51, 78. See also mutations