In Pursuit of the Gene

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REVERSION TO THE MEAN © 43 cape regression’s relentless pull: “By refusing to blend freely with other forms the most peculiar ‘sports’ admit of being transmitted almost in their entirety with no less frequency than if they were not exceptional.” 50 The goal of eugenicists, it followed, was to encourage the breeding and intermarriage of exceptionally able sports. It was nearly twenty years since the publication of Hereditary Genius, where he had first suggested the possibility that evolution might proceed in a discontinuous fashion, comparing the process of evolution to the movements of a stone consisting of a “vast number of natural facets.” If a large enough force were applied, the stone might be coaxed to dislodge from one edge and “tumble over into a new position of stability.” 51 In his 1889 Natural Inheritance, he once again returned to the metaphor of the polygonal slab, but now he had an elaborate machinery of statistics and a theory of inheritance to support it. In the continuing debate over the efficacy of Darwin’s natural selection, Galton’s ideas about discontinuous evolution would, for better and for worse, have a profound influence on the next generation.
[To view this image, refer to the print version of this title.] ¬W. F. R. Weldon. From Karl Pearson, “Walter Frank Raphael Weldon, 1860–1906,” Biometrika 5 (1906): 1.
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IN PURSUIT OF THE GENE
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To my wife, Ann Hochschild, whose u
Page 8 and 9: ILLUSTRATIONS Charles Darwin and Fr
Page 10 and 11: PREFACE ¨ SCIENCE IS FUNDAMENTALLY
Page 12 and 13: PREFACE © xi diana University, and
Page 14 and 15: PREFACE © xiii each of the more co
Page 16 and 17: CHAPTER 1 Viva Pangenesis ¨ IN THE
Page 18 and 19: VIVA PANGENESIS © 3 ber of small d
Page 20 and 21: VIVA PANGENESIS © 5 sumption that
Page 22 and 23: VIVA PANGENESIS © 7 university car
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Page 28 and 29: VIVA PANGENESIS © 13 tions of pang
Page 30 and 31: VIVA PANGENESIS © 15 Still playing
Page 32 and 33: VIVA PANGENESIS © 17 Although Galt
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Page 36 and 37: VIVA PANGENESIS © 21 tion]. What l
Page 38 and 39: CHAPTER 2 Reversion to the Mean ¨
Page 40 and 41: REVERSION TO THE MEAN © 25 a price
Page 42 and 43: REVERSION TO THE MEAN © 27 the pop
Page 44 and 45: REVERSION TO THE MEAN © 29 In fact
Page 46 and 47: REVERSION TO THE MEAN © 31 jects h
Page 48 and 49: [To view this image, refer to the p
Page 52 and 53: REVERSION TO THE MEAN © 37 regular
Page 56 and 57: REVERSION TO THE MEAN © 41 self ha
Page 60 and 61: CHAPTER 3 Galton’s Disciples ¨ I
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Page 64 and 65: GALTON’S DISCIPLES © 49 fection
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Page 78 and 79: GALTON’S DISCIPLES © 63 lished r
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Page 85 and 86: 70 ¨ PANGENES he took a position a
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Page 103 and 104: 88 ¨ MENDEL younger Mendel having
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94 ¨ MENDEL invisible, and the sam
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96 ¨ MENDEL A less sinister interp
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98 ¨ MENDEL way had their position
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100 ¨ MENDEL In the same paper, Me
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102 ¨ MENDEL sequestration if Mend
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[To view this image, refer to the p
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106 ¨ REDISCOVERY planning to publ
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108 ¨ REDISCOVERY which each pange
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110 ¨ REDISCOVERY installment of h
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112 ¨ REDISCOVERY one closely rese
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114 ¨ REDISCOVERY That winter, in
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116 ¨ REDISCOVERY only had Weldon
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120 ¨ MENDEL WARS Conference on Hy
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122 ¨ MENDEL WARS patches of color
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124 ¨ MENDEL WARS The final exchan
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126 ¨ MENDEL WARS [To view this im
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128 ¨ MENDEL WARS ing, and that wa
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130 ¨ MENDEL WARS ready proven him
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132 ¨ MENDEL WARS fused his offer,
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134 ¨ MENDEL WARS included a large
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136 ¨ MENDEL WARS mous studbook, w
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138 ¨ MENDEL WARS soon as he had f
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140 ¨ MENDEL WARS his research, Hu
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142 ¨ MENDEL WARS In February, Wel
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146 ¨ CELL BIOLOGY and Schleiden h
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148 ¨ CELL BIOLOGY [To view this i
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150 ¨ CELL BIOLOGY first noticed b
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152 ¨ CELL BIOLOGY generation. Thi
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154 ¨ CELL BIOLOGY tween nuclear d
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156 ¨ CELL BIOLOGY been working fo
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158 ¨ CELL BIOLOGY Although he mad
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160 ¨ CELL BIOLOGY [To view this i
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162 ¨ CELL BIOLOGY The clear depic
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166 ¨ SEX CHROMOSOMES were two kin
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168 ¨ SEX CHROMOSOMES dicated that
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170 ¨ SEX CHROMOSOMES to all previ
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172 ¨ SEX CHROMOSOMES and set them
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174 ¨ SEX CHROMOSOMES bryology had
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176 ¨ SEX CHROMOSOMES loid set of
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178 ¨ SEX CHROMOSOMES next summer
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180 ¨ SEX CHROMOSOMES first explai
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182 ¨ SEX CHROMOSOMES somes, givin
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186 ¨ THE FLY ROOM sity worked tog
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188 ¨ THE FLY ROOM world-renowned
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190 ¨ THE FLY ROOM ress in the Stu
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192 ¨ THE FLY ROOM near one anothe
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194 ¨ THE FLY ROOM would often lea
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196 ¨ THE FLY ROOM when he took Mo
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198 ¨ THE FLY ROOM more convenient
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200 ¨ THE FLY ROOM most extreme ca
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202 ¨ THE FLY ROOM to the extent t
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204 ¨ THE FLY ROOM responsible for
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206 ¨ THE FLY ROOM but theoretical
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CHAPTER 11 Oenothera Reconsidered
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OENOTHERA RECONSIDERED © 211 winge
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OENOTHERA RECONSIDERED © 213 succe
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OENOTHERA RECONSIDERED © 215 tatio
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OENOTHERA RECONSIDERED © 217 compl
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OENOTHERA RECONSIDERED © 219 outcr
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CHAPTER 12 X-Rays ¨ WITH THE RESOL
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X-RAYS © 223 through, due to the i
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X-RAYS © 225 Suddenly Muller jumpe
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X-RAYS © 227 C � B experiments a
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X-RAYS © 229 Bateson’s plenary a
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X-RAYS © 231 Bateson’s famous fo
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X-RAYS © 233 Cramped, noisy, overh
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X-RAYS © 235 ing. “It was funny
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X-RAYS © 237 birth of the baby, wh
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X-RAYS © 239 spontaneous lethals (
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X-RAYS © 241 the Fifth Internation
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CHAPTER 13 Triumph of the Modern Ge
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TRIUMPH OF THE MODERN GENE © 245 D
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TRIUMPH OF THE MODERN GENE © 247 l
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TRIUMPH OF THE MODERN GENE © 249 w
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TRIUMPH OF THE MODERN GENE © 251 t
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+ + B f B f + B B fu + B B + f + TR
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TRIUMPH OF THE MODERN GENE © 255 f
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TRIUMPH OF THE MODERN GENE © 259 F
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TRIUMPH OF THE MODERN GENE © 263 O
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TRIUMPH OF THE MODERN GENE © 265 m
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TRIUMPH OF THE MODERN GENE © 269 p
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TRIUMPH OF THE MODERN GENE © 271 p
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TRIUMPH OF THE MODERN GENE © 273 s
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EPILOGUE ¨ IN FEBRUARY 1944, Oswal
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locks were laid down that accounted
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EPILOGUE © 281 In November 1951, W
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EPILOGUE © 283 The discovery in 19
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EPILOGUE © 285 characterization of
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EPILOGUE © 287 master gene on chro
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EPILOGUE © 289 the genome could be
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NOTES ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INDEX
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294 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 4-8 help in p
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296 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 19-28 58. Let
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298 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 36-42 35. Let
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300 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 50-58 F.R.S.
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302 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 70-81 2. Ibid
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304 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 84-89 27. Ibi
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306 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 93-95 29. The
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308 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 106-111 (1900
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310 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 114-120 24. I
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312 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 125-132 15. A
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314 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 137-146 55. W
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316 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 150-153 15. E
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318 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 157-160 38. M
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320 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 167-171 6. Ib
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322 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 173-176 33. A
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324 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 182-186 of Tw
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326 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 190-192 multi
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328 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 195-200 31. M
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330 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 202-210 Franc
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332 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 213-215 13. I
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334 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 218-222 28. B
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336 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 225-228 14. T
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338 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 235-239 “Ob
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340 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 245-254 9. H.
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342 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 258-262 51. J
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344 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 266-272 84. S
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346 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 276-283 123.
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348 ¨ NOTES TO PAGES 288-289 Becau
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350 ¨ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS also deeply
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“Accessory Chromosome, The: Sex D
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ell curve. See normal distribution
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34, 50, 60-61; and study of plant m
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“fly room.” See Columbia Univer
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ics; evolution; gemmules; genes; hy
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y, 306n37; early life of, 87-88; fu
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222-223; Russian geneticists and, 2
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studies of, 79-85; Wichura and, 100
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Stalin, Joseph, 258, 262, 267, 269,
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In Pursuit of the Gene

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