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Global Rock Art Congress 29 Junho – 3 de Julho 2009 designing and shaping a circular disc and creating cupules on the very hard quartzite rocks by Lower Palaeolithic hominins. In Daraki-Chattan cave, more than 500 cupules are found which are basically of four types. These achievements indicate that the Lower Palaeolithic hominins were intelligent and creative enough, and that a modern form of human cognition might have developed during the reign of Homo erectus. (Artigo 15 IFRAO2009) Lower and Middle Palaeolithic Palaeoart of the World Robert G. Bednarik, Austrália The discovery of Lower Palaeolithic rock art at two sites in central India immediately raises two questions: what is the global context of such extremely early indications of cognitive sophistication in hominins, and how was it possible that the orthodox model failed to detect evidence contradicting its gradual development, claiming instead that such complexity in human behaviour was exclusive to the Upper Palaeolithic. This paper summarises the currently available relevant evidence from around the world and demonstrates that the rich Indian evidence is entirely consistent with what has been observed elsewhere. It warns, however, against simplistic interpretations of this evidence by also pointing out that the pattern being observed in these finds is fully predictable by taphonomic logic. This means that what is being observed is not the oldest palaeoart evidence, but only that type of such evidence that has the greatest potential longevity. (Artigo 16 IFRAO2009) Chronology And Typology Of The Rock Art Of The Uncompahgre Plateau In Western Colorado, U.S.A. Carol Patterson, Estados Unidos da América This presentation addresses the stylistic changes through time from the Archaic, to the Formative and proto-Historic eras. Supportive evidence for this typology comes from age determinations made from close observation of the rock surface, pecking techniques, and the relative patina and algae growth. Diagnostic time markers include the atlatl with humans hunting animals during the Archaic, the bow and arrow with humans during the Formative, the stylised bear paw during the proto-Historic and the horse for the Historic. Stylistic transitions occur with the appearance of mythological creatures and symbols for religious concepts, creation stories, bear dance ceremonies and spirit animals. Political and historical events dominate the themes during the Historic era. In the final days of cultural conflict and relocation, expediency is evident in ‘scratch glyphs’ showing village scenes, hunting parties and battle scenes. Animals become abbreviated using stick bodies and two legs instead of four. The culmination of five years of study in this area has found superimposition sequences supporting the proposed typology and chronology. A well-illustrated chart with over 100 rock art sites drawn in detail reveals a complicated but fascinating picture of how three very different cultures utilised the Uncompahgre Plateau in western Colorado over a period of five thousand years. 35 Rock Art of Angola Cristina Martins, Mila Simões de Abreu, Luiz Oosterbeek - Portugal, Portugal/Reino Unido, Portugal Rock art research in Angola faced, in the most recent decades, a major obstacle for its advance: the military conflict. New fieldwork is being prepared now, attempting at contributing for a long-term, stable and continuous action with two main guidelines: rock art and its material culture context. Attention will also be devoted to the conservation of the art panels, subject to natural and anthropic processes of decay. An exhaustive bibliographic survey enabled to create the basis for this new stage of studies, which will need to revisit sites previously located but poorly described or contextualised. The paper presents the selected area of intervention, the theoretical/interpretative framework and the methodology of study. Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara Piauí, Brasil
6 - Os eixos não-cartesianos da pesquisa de arte rupestre The non-Cartesian axes of rock art research Les axes non cartésiens de la recherche en art rupestre Los ejes no cartesianos de la pesquisa del arte rupestre Coordenado por / Coordinated by: Mario Consens & Robert G. Bednarik PAPERS Memory in the construction of Rock Art sites. A case study from the Chilean Semiarid North Felipe Armstrong Bruzzone, Chile 36 Memory is an important factor in the development of a society since it allows the perception of reality as comprehensible, with strong ties to events, people and objects from the past. In such way, memory is a concept that comprises the notion of time and with it the construction that a society makes of its past. As social constructions, memory and the past will eventually be reinterpreted and new contents be added.Despite the importance of collective memory, it is fragile and this is the reason for the creation of mechanisms to allow remembrance. One of these mechanisms is the record of important ideas, concepts and events to society in different materials and with different production techniques. Rock art and space can be understood as this kind of material. This is the main idea to this presentation, where an analysis of rock art site ‘Los Mellizos’ in the Semiarid region of Chile. This site evidences different periods of local prehistory and its meaningful location – at the end of Illapel valley and the foothills of the Andes, close to numerous routes that connect the oriental and occidental slope of the Andes – suggest its importance in the past. The study includes spatial, distributional, visibility and visibilization analyses of the motifs, besides a diachronic study of the blocks through superpositions and juxtapositions. (Artigo 17 IFRAO2009) As Representações Pré-históricas do Evento Tupana no Nordeste do Brasil Pierson Barretto, Brasil Identificada em abril de 1995, e ainda sem possuir dados geológicos definitivos da sua origem, aplicou-se à cratera da Panela (PE) estudo multidisciplinar para investigar a sua origem cósmica. A partir de dados geométricos da cratera foi possível determinar tamanho do meteoróide, direção, sentido e ângulo de queda do meteoro que a formou. Analisou-se o raio (300 km) de visão da sua explosão troposférica e a projeção de 1000 km da trajetória do bólido, a partir do local de impacto. Mapearam-se sítios arqueológicos com presença de arte rupestre de temática meteorítica na região Nordeste do Brasil. Investigou-se nesses registros pré-históricos a sua relação com a posição geográfica do observador. As análises das artes rupestres presentes nesse sítios são coerentes para um fenômeno cósmico do tipo Tunguska (1908) na formação da cratera da Panela, o evento Tupana por volta do ano 1200 A.C. (Artigo 18 IFRAO2009) Espacio y arte rupestre: Una propuesta para la interpretación del arte rupestre de Sierra de la Ventana en la Región Pampeana de la República Argentina Fernando Oliva, Argentina En el ecotono entre las regiones Patagónica y Pampeana de la República Argentina se localiza el Sistema serrano de Ventania, espacio que ha sido atractivo y ocupado recurrentemente por las FUMDHAMentos IX
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