saxelovnebo mecnierebaTa Ziebani #2 (43), 2010 ART SCIENCE ...

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dinara maRlakeliZekinos Teoriis ganviTarebis tendenciebigadmocema, misi reproducireba, kinematografi mayurebelsrealobis ukeT aRqmaSi unda daexmaros. 10realizmi, rogorc kinoTeoriuli paradigma 1950-iani wlebisdasawyisidan, krakaueris garda, andre bazinis TeoriulmosazrebebSic povebs ganviTarebas. italiuri neorializmisgavleniT bazini ayalibebs Teoriul koncefcias, romlismixedviT kinematografi ganixileba rogorc droSi obieqturoba.bazinis Tvalsazrisis mixedviTac, kinos yvela sxva xelovnebazemetad Seswevs realobis mayureblis bunebriv aRqmasTandaaxloebis unari.andre bazini 1951 wels aarsebs kinoJurnals Carhiers duCinema, romelSic sistematurad ibeWdeba Tavad bazinisa damisi Tanamoazre axalgazrda kinoenTuziastebis da SemdgomSiXX saukunis meore naxevris franguli da evropuli kinoscnobili reJisorebis: fransua triufos, Jan-luk godaris, klodSabrolis, erik romerisa da sxvaTa statiebi. Jurnaligadamwyvet rols TamaSobs axali franguli kinomimdinareobisNouvelle Vague CamoyalibebaSi. aseve Zalze mniSvnelovaniaCarhiers du Cinema-s roli kinos saavtoro TeoriisCamoyalibebaSi. 1950-ian wlebSi fransua triufos mierinicirebuli pilitique des auterurs kinos saavtoro TeoriisCamoyalibebis safuZveli xdeba.Tavad saavtoro kinos koncefcia aleqsandre astrusisjer kidev 1948 wels gamoqveynebul eseSi gamoikveTa, romelSicavtori axal kinoavangardze msjelobs. 11 Aastrusikinematografs, rogorc specifikur enas, mxatvruli azrisgadmocemis vizualur formas ganixilavs. misi azriT,kinematografi xelovans sakuTari azrebisa da gancdebis,sakuTari msoflmxedvelobis vizualuri xerxebiT gamoxatvissaSualebas aZlevs. astrusis TvalTaxedviT, kinoreJisori iseveunda iyenebdes kameras, rogorc romanisa da eseis avtorebimoixmaren kalams.astrusis msoflmxedvelobiT STagonebuli fransua triufo1954 wels aqveynebs statias, romelSic igi brZolas ucxadebsimdroindel frangul kinematografs, mas konformizmSi sdebsbrals da scenaristebis kinos uwodebs.franguli kinos am tendenciis sanacvlod triuforeJisoris individualuri xelwerasa da msoflmxedvelobazedafuZnebuli saavtoro kinematografis damkvidrebas moiTxovs. 12kinos saavtoro Teoria ganuyofladaa dakavSirebulifransua triufosa da misi Tanamoazreebis mier 1950-ianwlebSi aqtiurad praqticirebul saavtoro kinos politikasTan.andre bazenis irgvliv Semokrebili axalgazrda frangikinomatografistebis saavtoro kinopolitika popularobiszenits XX saukunis 1960 da 1970-ian wlebSi aRwevs. 13 amperiodSi Seqmnili monografiebi kinos istoriaSi sworedkinos saavtoro Teoriis perspeqtividan iqmneba. didia saavtorokinos Teoriis zegavlena kinokritikasa da XX saukunis 1960-iani wlebSi Camoyalibebul kinomimdinareobebze: Der NeueDeutsche Film 14 da New Hollywood. 15XX saukunis meore naxevris kinos Teoriis ganviTarebaSierTgvar saetapo naSroms warmoadgens Jan mitris 16 1963-1965wlebSi gamoqveynebuli ortomeuli Esthetique et psychologiedu cinema. 17 masSi erTadaa fokusirebuli kinos klasikurTeoriaSi arsebuli sxvadasxva Teoriuli mosazreba,kinematografis, rogorc garkveuli enobrivi fenomenis, kinosfsiqologiuri da sociologiuri ganzomilebebisa da misigamomsaxvelobiTi SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb. mitrikinematografze, rogorc vizualur enaze da mayurebelzemisi zegavlenis problemebze, axdens koncentrirebas. misimecnieruli gamokvlevebi kinematografis Sesaxeb arsebuli e.w. klasikuri Teoriebis epoqis dasasrulze mianiSneben da,imavdroulad, kinematografis Tanamedrove Teoriebs uyriansafuZvels.Tu kinos e. w. klasikur TeoriebSi gansakuTrebuliyuradReba kinematografis, rogorc xelovnebis legitimaciisproblemebs eTmoboda, XX saukunis 1960 wlebidan kinos Teoriisrefleqsirebisa da gaazrebis sagani filmis, rogorc mediumis,arsebis, misi Sinaarsisa da formis, mayurebelze misizemoqmedebis dialeqtikis kvleva xdeba.1960-iani wlebis dasawyisSi qristian metci 18 lingvisturmodelebze orientirebul kinos semoitikur Teorias ayalibebs,imavdroulad, igi kinematografis semiotikuri kvlevis50 51
dinara maRlakeliZekinos Teoriis ganviTarebis tendenciebiprogramis sulisCamdgmelic xdeba 19 da ian maria petersTanda umberto ekosTan erTad kinos klasikuri Teoriebisagandistancirebul semiotikur, analitikur-empiriul kvleviTtradicias amkvidrebs. semoitikuri perspeqtividankinematografi enis analogiurad niSanTa organizebul fenomenadgaiazreba, kinematografis sociologiuri da fsiqologiuridimensiebi da kinogamosaxulebis SesaZleblobaTa detalurikvleva erTiandeba, xolo semiotikuri kvlevis gansakuTrebuliobieqti filmis mayurebelze zegavlenis Seswavla xdeba.semiotikuri kinos Teoria, romlis mixedviTac kinematografienis msgavsad niSanTa garkveul kods warmoadgens, erTmaneTisaganganasxvavebs filmur da kinematografiul kodebs. semiotikafilmis struqturas teqstisa da sistemis TvalsazrisiTSeiswavlis da kvlevis obieqtad erTmaneTisagan damoukidebelkinematografiul procesebs aqcevs. filmis mTliani qsoviliskvlevisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba kino montaJis formebisti pologiebs eTmoba, romelsac metci filmis sintagmebissaxeliT moixseniebs. metcis analizi filmSi gamosaxulebissintagmuri da paradigmuli kavSiris dadgenasa da filmismTlian qsofilSi TiToeuli gamosaxulebis gramatikisinterpretacias emyareba.umberto ekos 20 struqturalistur lingvistikazeorientirebuli vizualuri kodebis Teoriac kinematografsrogorc enas ganixilavs da filmis mTlian sxeulSi calkeuligamosaxulebis mniSvnelobas ikvlevs. filmis gageba ekos TeoriismixedviT erTian fenomens e. w. semiozs warmoadgens, romelSicfilmi obieqti da misi intepratatori (mayurebeli)urTierTzegavlenas axdenen. ekos mixedviT, xelovnebisnawarmoebis analizi Tavis TavSi ara marto nawarmoebisstruqturis, aramed mTliani kulturis analizsac moicavs.pier paolo pazolini 21 kinematografs realobis amsaxvelenad aRiqvams da gamoTqvams mosazrebas, rom adamianur qmedebaTaimitacia kinematografis mastruqturebel princips warmoadgens.qristian metcTan mecnierul diskursSi 1960-1970-ianwlebSi safrangeTSi saerTo kulturis problemebzeorientirebuli heterogenuli semiotikuri skola viTardeba,romelTa kvlevebis ZiriTadi sfero kinosemiotikis pragmatulida kognitivisturi frTa xdeba, xolo Tavad TeoriisfuZemdebeli qriastian metci Tavisi mecnieruli moRvaweobisgviandel periodSi misi maswavleblis ronald barTis 22moZRvrebaze dayrdnobiT fsiqoanalizze orientirebul kinosTeoriul naSromebs qmnis.XX saukunis 1970-ian wlebSi kinos TeoriaSi zigmundfroidis, Jak lakanis fsiqoanalitikur da lius alTuserismarqsistul Teoriebze orientirebuli e. w. aparatus Teoriebiiqmneba. aparatus Teoriis kvlevis ZiriTad obieqts mayurebelsubieqtis,mayurebel-interpretatoris filmTan identifikaciissakiTxi, ekranze naxulTan mayureblis mimarTebisa da Tavadfilmis mayurebelze zemoqmedebis procesis Seswavlawarmoadgens.aparatus Teoria istoriuli, sazogadoebrivi da zogadikulturis aspeqtiT awarmoebs mayureblisa da kinofilmisurTierTdamokidebulebis kvlevas, masSi ori ZiriTadimimarTuleba gamoiyofa: neoformalistur-kognitiuri dapoststruqturalistur-fsiqoanalitikuri. semiotikurTeori as Ta n axlos m dgom i neoformal is tu ri dapoststruqturalisturi koncefciebi xSirad Tanamedrove kinosTeoriaSi aparatus Teoriis saerTo saxelwodebiT moixsenieba.semiotikuri kvlevis principebTan monaTesave TeoriebiswarmoSoba XX saukunis 1970-iani wlebis Sua periodidaniwyeba, Tanamedrove kinos Teoria zogadad sam aseT mniSvnelovanTeoriul moZRvrebas icnobs: e. w. enunciaciis Teoria, romelicfilmis, reJisorisa da mayureblis pragmatul urTierTobasikvlevs, 1980 wlebSi qristian metcis Teoriuli kvlevebicam mimarTulebiT iwyeben ganviTarebas.fr a n C es ko ka s eti s m i er i ni c i r eb u l i k i nostranscendentaluri pragmatika, romelic kinokomunikaciisproblemebis kvlevazea orientirebuli da kinos fsiqosemiotika,romelic mayureblis mier filmis aRqmis procesis elementebsSeiswavlis. swored am koncefcias eyrdnoba devid bordueliskinos kognitiuri fsiqologiac. 23Ddevid bordueli rusuli formalisturi TeoriiszegavleniT neoformalistur Sexedulebebs aviTarebs da52 53
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saxelovnebo mecnierebaTa Ziebani #2 (43), 2010 ART SCIENCE ...

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