4 <strong>Studiul</strong> <strong>riscurilor</strong> <strong>profe<strong>si</strong>onale</strong> In <strong>in</strong>dustria <strong>alimentara</strong> <strong>si</strong> a <strong>bauturilor</strong> d<strong>in</strong> Romania
1. Introducere Industria <strong>alimentara</strong> <strong>si</strong> a <strong>bauturilor</strong> 1 este structurata <strong>in</strong> mai multe subsectoare, reprezentative fi<strong>in</strong>d: Industria moraritului <strong>si</strong> panificatiei, Industria carnii, Industria lactatelor, Industria conservelor d<strong>in</strong> fructe <strong>si</strong> legume, Industria <strong>bauturilor</strong> (racoritoare <strong>si</strong> alcoolice). Diver<strong>si</strong>tatea proceselor de productie <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustria <strong>alimentara</strong> <strong>in</strong>cepe cu micile societati traditionale <strong>in</strong> care procesul de productie este <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>tregime manual, ajungand pana la procese de productie complet automatizate, <strong>in</strong> cazul marilor societati romanesti sau mult<strong>in</strong>ationale. In general, <strong>in</strong> cadrul proceselor de productie d<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustria <strong>alimentara</strong> <strong>si</strong> a <strong>bauturilor</strong> (transformare, preparare, conservare <strong>si</strong> ambalare, etc.) riscurile priv<strong>in</strong>d securitatea <strong>si</strong> sanatatea lucratorilor sunt controlate, totu<strong>si</strong> <strong>in</strong>cidenta accidentelor de munca d<strong>in</strong> acest sector este <strong>in</strong>ca foarte mare. Majoritatea <strong>riscurilor</strong> existente <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustria <strong>alimentara</strong> este consec<strong>in</strong>ta dezvoltarii tehnice con<strong>si</strong>derabile a sectorului, specific, a echipamentelor de lucru <strong>si</strong> a sarc<strong>in</strong>ilor de munca complexe derivate d<strong>in</strong> adoptarea noilor tehnologii. In plus, absenta sau superficialitatea formariii-<strong>in</strong>formarii lucratorilor determ<strong>in</strong>a perceptia eronata a <strong>riscurilor</strong> sau, <strong>in</strong> cel mai nefericit caz, lipsa constientizarii existentei <strong>riscurilor</strong>. 1 <strong>in</strong>globeaza un “set de activitati <strong>in</strong>dustriale dedicate tratamentului, transformarilor, prepararii, conservarii <strong>si</strong> ambalarii produselor alimentare” care utilizeaza materii prime de orig<strong>in</strong>e vegetala sau animala de diverse proveniente (ferme agricole, zootehnice <strong>si</strong> pescarii). Activitatile <strong>si</strong> procesele de productie d<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustria <strong>alimentara</strong> implica prezenta a numero<strong>si</strong> factori de risc profe<strong>si</strong>onal: zgomot <strong>si</strong> vibratii peste limita admisa, generate de utilajle; contam<strong>in</strong>anti biologici; contam<strong>in</strong>anti chimici; manipularea greutatilor, pozitiile fortate <strong>si</strong> miscarile repetitive; microclimatul <strong>si</strong> ilum<strong>in</strong>atul necorespunzator; mijloacele de transport <strong>si</strong> manevrat marfuri; etc. Conform statisticilor, pr<strong>in</strong>cipalele cauze ale accidentelor de munca d<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustria <strong>alimentara</strong> d<strong>in</strong> Romania sunt: caderile de la acela<strong>si</strong> nivel, pr<strong>in</strong>derile/blocarile <strong>in</strong>tre obiecte (consec<strong>in</strong>te: entorse, contuzii, zdrobiri-fracturi, la ma<strong>in</strong>i <strong>si</strong> brate); suprasolicitari fizice <strong>si</strong> pozitii fortate (consec<strong>in</strong>te: afectiuni dorso-lombare); folo<strong>si</strong>rea defectuoasa sau fara echipament de protectie a obiectelor <strong>si</strong> <strong>in</strong>strumentelor utilizate (consec<strong>in</strong>te: taieturi, loviri). In acest capitol, care nu are pretentia de a acoperi exhaustiv domeniile tratate, vor fi prezentate pr<strong>in</strong>cipalele riscuri <strong>profe<strong>si</strong>onale</strong> d<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustria <strong>alimentara</strong> <strong>si</strong> masurile preventive asociate, cu un obiective teoretice (<strong>in</strong>formare <strong>si</strong> consultanta) <strong>si</strong> practice (aplicarea masurilor preventive pe proces productiv <strong>si</strong> post de lucru) clare. Riscuri Profe<strong>si</strong>onale Zero în Industria Alimentară 5
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