Measurement of the Z boson cross-section in - Harvard University ...

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Chapter 4: Data Collection and Event Reconstruction 130 3. number of hits in trigger chambers If two segment candidates are ambiguous, the lower-scoring one is rejected. In the segment combination stage, a second pattern recognition step is performed using segments. First, the segments are ranked according to a second set of criteria including isolation in the chamber and the crude momentum estimation from the initial pattern recognition [88]. Compatibility between pairs of segments is then estimated starting with the highest-ranked segment. Two segments are said to be compatible if they come from the same initial pattern and have consistent position and direction. If they are compatible and do not already belong to a track candidate, they form a track candidate. If one segment belongs to a track candidate, the other segment is assigned to the same candidate. Once this process is complete, each track candidate is fitted using χ 2 minimization with respect to the segments on it, and with the constraint that a track must pass close to the interaction point. Material effects are not taken into account at this stage. If two track candidates share 50% or more segments, they are merged. Track finding The first stage of track finding is track building, which is similar to the segment combination described above except that material effects are taken into account and more stringent quality criteria are applied. A track is built up segment by segment starting from the outer MDT station to the inner stations 18 . For a given track candidate, the segment in the outer MDT station with the high- 18 Since the outer muon stations suffer from less combinatorial background than the inner ones, starting with segments in the outer stations results in a smaller number of possible combinations and therefore faster track building
Chapter 4: Data Collection and Event Reconstruction 131 est quality, as described in the previous section, is taken as a track seed. Next, a segment from the middle station that is on the track candidate is tested for compatibility with the first segment 4.11. The pair of segments are fitted with the GlobalChi2Fitter [31] and, if the fit results indicate compatibility, the middle station segment is added to the track. This procedure is repeated for all middle station segments on the track candidate in order of decreasing quality, and then for all inner station segments on the track. Note that a track must have at least two segments on it, and that multiple tracks can result from one track candidate at this stage. Figure 4.11: The sequence in which track segments are added to a muon track candidate [88]. In extrapolating the track through the detector, the GlobalChi2Fitter takes into account material effects which result in multiple scattering and energy loss of the charged particle. The material description is taken from a database which includes a
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Measurement of the Z boson cross-se
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Contents Title Page . . . . . . . .
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Contents vi Electron reconstruction
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List of Figures 1.1 Proton structur
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List of Figures x 6.17 Muon pT scal
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List of Tables xii 6.18 Decompositi
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Acknowledgments xiv mate Niels van
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Chapter 1: Introduction and Theoret
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Chapter 2 The Accelerator and the E
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Chapter 2: The Accelerator and the
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Chapter 9: Discussion and Outlook 2
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Appendix A: Event list 245 Candidat
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Appendix A: Event list 247 Candidat
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Appendix B: Comparison of muon curv
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Bibliography 251 [13] S. Ask. Statu
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Bibliography 253 [44] S. Frixione,
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Bibliography 255 [75] N. E. Adam an
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Bibliography 257 [102] The TOTEM Co
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