Measurement of the Z boson cross-section in - Harvard University ...

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Chapter 2: The Accelerator and the Experiment 56 readout granularity. • It must associate a track with a particular bunch-crossing, which necessitates a timing resolution better than the 25 ns bunch-crossing interval. • It should measure the coordinate perpendicular to the precisely measured one (the second coordinate) with a resolution of 1 cm or better. • The trigger chambers must perform well in the presence of a diffuse background of low-energy neutrons and photons in the experimental hall (the cavern background). The ATLAS muon system uses resistive plate chambers for triggering in the barrel region and thin gap chambers in the endcaps. Both technologies satisfy the require- ments mentioned above. Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs): RPCs are used for triggering in the region |η| < 1.05. An RPC unit is formed by two parallel plates made of a resistive material, Bakelite in this case, with a 2 mm gas-filled gap between the plates. An electric field of 4900 V/mm exists between the plates, so that a charged particle traversing the gas gap creates an avalanche. The signal is picked up via capacitive coupling by metallic strips mounted on the outer sides of the Bakelite plates. A chamber is formed of two rectangular detector units, each read out by two planes of metallic strips. The strips in the two planes are orthogonal to each other, so that the precision (η) coordinate as well as the φ coordinate can be measured 6 . 6 The measurement of the φ coordinate is necessary for track reconstruction, since it gives an estimate of where along the length of an MDT tube the track passed.
Chapter 2: The Accelerator and the Experiment 57 Figure 2.11: rz view of the ATLAS muon system. Trajectories followed by infinitemomentum tracks are shown.
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Measurement of the Z boson cross-se
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Contents Title Page . . . . . . . .
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Contents vi Electron reconstruction
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List of Figures 1.1 Proton structur
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List of Figures x 6.17 Muon pT scal
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List of Tables xii 6.18 Decompositi
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Acknowledgments xiv mate Niels van
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Chapter 1: Introduction and Theoret
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Chapter 1: Introduction and Theoret
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Chapter 6 Event Selection After eve
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Chapter 6: Event Selection 169 Entr
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Chapter 9: Discussion and Outlook 2
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Appendix A: Event list 245 Candidat
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Appendix A: Event list 247 Candidat
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Appendix B: Comparison of muon curv
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Bibliography 251 [13] S. Ask. Statu
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Bibliography 253 [44] S. Frixione,
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Bibliography 255 [75] N. E. Adam an
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Bibliography 257 [102] The TOTEM Co
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