Measurement of the Z boson cross-section in - Harvard University ...

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Chapter 4: Data Collection and Event Reconstruction 136 are removed from the two track lists, and the procedure repeated until no more combinations are possible. Note that, since the muon spectrometer covers the region |η| < 2.7 and the inner detector coverage extends only up to |η| < 2.5, not all spectrometer tracks can be matched to an inner detector track. The results presented in this thesis use muons reconstructed with the Staco algorithm, unless otherwise stated. Inner detector based muon tagging Tagging of inner detector tracks as muon tracks is an inside-out approach. There are some muons that have well-measured tracks in the inner detector, but only isolated segments in the spectrometer. This can happen for two reasons. Very low-pT muons, after they have traversed the calorimetry, may not have enough energy to traverse multiple spectrometer stations and may leave hits in the inner station only. Also, energetic muons that pass through acceptance gaps in the spectrometer (e.g., at η ≈ 0) fail to be reconstructed by the outside-in approach. The muon tagging algorithms propagate inner detector tracks to the inner muon stations and look for nearby segments. The Moore and Muonboy family algorithms that implement this scheme are known respectively as MuGirl and MuTag. MuGirl For all extrapolated inner detector tracks above ≈ 3 GeV, MuGirl tries to form segments in the muon spectrometer using a Hough transform-based pattern recogni-
Chapter 4: Data Collection and Event Reconstruction 137 tion [7]. Importantly, MuGirl uses all four muon spectrometer technologies to identify segments, employing an artificial neural network (ANN) to combine information from the different technologies. If a reconstructed segment is close to the predicted track position based on the ANN discriminant, the track is tagged as a muon. Although the algorithm was initially designed to find low-pT muons, it is highly efficient for all muons, and has a low fake rate. MuTag MuTag does not do any segment-finding, but rather tries to associate an extrapolated inner detector track with existing muon segments using a χ 2 quantity based on the η − φ difference between the track and the segment. Unlike MuGirl, MuTag only uses inner detector tracks and spectrometer segments that have not already been associated with muon tracks by Muonboy and/or Staco. A χ 2 value below a cut-off tags the inner detector track as a muon. Calorimeter-based muon tagging Since the calorimeters have a significantly larger coverage (|η|
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Measurement of the Z boson cross-se
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Contents Title Page . . . . . . . .
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Contents vi Electron reconstruction
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List of Figures 1.1 Proton structur
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List of Figures x 6.17 Muon pT scal
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List of Tables xii 6.18 Decompositi
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Acknowledgments xiv mate Niels van
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Chapter 1: Introduction and Theoret
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Chapter 2 The Accelerator and the E
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Chapter 2: The Accelerator and the
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Chapter 3 Luminosity Measurement at
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Chapter 6: Event Selection 189 Reco
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Chapter 6: Event Selection 191 smea
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Chapter 6: Event Selection 193 Firs
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Chapter 6: Event Selection 199 the
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Chapter 7: Background Estimation 20
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Chapter 8: Properties of Z bosons a
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Chapter 9: Discussion and Outlook 2
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Appendix A: Event list 245 Candidat
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Appendix A: Event list 247 Candidat
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Appendix B: Comparison of muon curv
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Bibliography 251 [13] S. Ask. Statu
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Bibliography 253 [44] S. Frixione,
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Bibliography 255 [75] N. E. Adam an
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Bibliography 257 [102] The TOTEM Co
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