Measurement of the Z boson cross-section in - Harvard University ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Chapter 2: The Accelerator and the Experiment 46 Figure 2.5: Structure of the ATLAS calorimetry, showing the various subsystems.
Chapter 2: The Accelerator and the Experiment 47 covering 1.375 < |η| < 3.2. The absorber material is lead, and the active medium is liquid argon. The lead plates and the copper/kapton readout electrodes are arranged in an accordion shape (Figure 2.6). In terms of the radiation length 3 X0, the depth of the EM calorimeter is more than 22 X0 in the barrel, and 24 X0 in the endcap. The barrel contains about 100,000 readout channels, while the endcaps have about 62,000 channels. Electrons and photons create showers in the lead plates. The shower particles ionize the liquid argon, the amount of ionization being proportional to the energy of the incident particle. The copper/kapton electrodes collect the signal. The advantage of using liquid argon as the active medium is that it is intrinsically radiation-hard and has a linear behavior with respect to particle energy. The accordion geometry provides full symmetry in the φ coordinate without cracks, and allows fast signal extraction at the ends of the electrodes. The EM calorimeter has three radial segments or layers. Layer 1 (Figure 2.6) has a depth of 4.3 X0. Its main purpose is to provide excellent resolution in η in order to separate π 0 decay showers from prompt photon showers.The readout is done in fine η strips, the strip size being ∆η × ∆φ =0.003 × 0.1. Layer 2 has a depth of 16 X0 and a cell size of ∆η × ∆φ =0.0245 × 0.0245. This layer measures shower position. The third layer, of depth ≈ 2X0 and cell size ∆η × ∆φ =0.05 × 0.0245, samples the highest energy electrons and photons. The energy resolution of the EM calorimeter can be expressed as: 3 For a given material, the radiation length is defined as the distance after traversing which an electron has 1/e of its original energy left. It is also 7/9 of the mean free path of pair production for a photon.
Page 1:
Measurement of the Z boson cross-se
Page 4 and 5:
Contents Title Page . . . . . . . .
Page 6 and 7:
Contents vi Electron reconstruction
Page 8 and 9:
List of Figures 1.1 Proton structur
Page 10 and 11: List of Figures x 6.17 Muon pT scal
Page 12 and 13: List of Tables xii 6.18 Decompositi
Page 14 and 15: Acknowledgments xiv mate Niels van
Page 16 and 17: Chapter 1: Introduction and Theoret
Page 24: Chapter 1: Introduction and Theoret
Page 48 and 49: Chapter 2 The Accelerator and the E
Page 50: Chapter 2: The Accelerator and the
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 2: The Accelerator and the
Page 80: Chapter 3 Luminosity Measurement at
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 3: Luminosity Measurement a
Page 109 and 110: Chapter 4: Data Collection and Even
Page 111 and 112:
Chapter 4: Data Collection and Even
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135:
Page 140:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Chapter 5: Monte Carlo Simulation 1
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171:
Page 174 and 175:
Chapter 6 Event Selection After eve
Page 177 and 178:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 163 - In
Page 179 and 180:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 165 Figu
Page 181 and 182:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 167 with
Page 183 and 184:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 169 Entr
Page 185 and 186:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 171 Entr
Page 187 and 188:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 173 T p
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 177 6.2.
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 185 are
Page 203 and 204:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 189 Reco
Page 205 and 206:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 191 smea
Page 207 and 208:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 193 Firs
Page 211 and 212:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 197 Para
Page 213 and 214:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 199 the
Page 217:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 203 Para
Page 222 and 223:
Chapter 7: Background Estimation 20
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Chapter 8: Properties of Z bosons a
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248:
Page 253 and 254:
Chapter 9: Discussion and Outlook 2
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Appendix A: Event list 245 Candidat
Page 261 and 262:
Appendix A: Event list 247 Candidat
Page 263 and 264:
Appendix B: Comparison of muon curv
Page 265 and 266:
Bibliography 251 [13] S. Ask. Statu
Page 267 and 268:
Bibliography 253 [44] S. Frixione,
Page 269 and 270:
Bibliography 255 [75] N. E. Adam an
Page 271:
Bibliography 257 [102] The TOTEM Co
show all

Measurement of the Z boson cross-section in - Harvard University ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?