Measurement of the Z boson cross-section in - Harvard University ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Chapter 2: The Accelerator and the Experiment 52 The basic performance goal of the muon system, motivated by physics performance, is that the transverse momentum of a 1 TeV track be reconstructed with a resolution of 10% or better. The sagitta of such a track due to bending in the mag- netic field will be ≈ 500 µm, which requires that the saggita be measured with an error of ≤ 50 µm. In addition, it is vital that the tracks be associated with the cor- rect bunch crossings. To achieve these goals, the muon system uses several detection technologies, both for precision measurement and for triggering (Figure 2.8). The various technologies wiil be briefly described below. Figure 2.8: A cutaway view of the ATLAS muon system, showing the various technologies used.
Chapter 2: The Accelerator and the Experiment 53 Precision measurement technologies Monitored Drift Tubes (MDTs): The MDTs form the principal component of the muon spectrometer precision measurement system. They cover the region |η| < 1.0 in the barrel, and 1.0 < |η| < 2.7 in the endcap, except in the innermost endcap layer where the coverage is up to |η| =2.0. Each chamber consists of several layers of drift tubes, usually arranged in two multilayers (Figure 2.9). Each drift tube has a diameter of 3 cm, with a body made of aluminum and a central (anode) wire made of gold-plated tungsten. The wire has a thickness of 50 µm and carries a potential of 3080 volts. The tube contains a gas mixture of Ar/CO2 in the ratio 93/7, with a trace of water added to improve high-voltage stability. A charged particle passing through the gas creates electron-ion pairs (Figure 2.10). The electrons accelerate toward the anode under the high voltage, creating further electron-ion pairs and leading to an avalanche. A measurable signal is thus formed. The time taken for the leading edge of the signal to arrive at the anode gives an estimate of the distance from the wire at which the muon passed, known as the drift radius. By fitting a straight line through the drift circles in a given multilayer, a segment of the muon track can be reconstructed. The spatial resolution of a single drift tube is ≈ 80 µm in the precision coordinate (z in the barrel and r in the endcap). The resolution of a chamber is ≈ 35 µm. In the barrel region, the MDTs are arranged in three concentric cylinders (stations) around the beampipe, at radii of ≈ 5 m, 7.5 m and 10 m. In each endcap, they are arranged in three wheels perpendicular to the beampipe, at distances of |z| ≈7.4 m, 14 m and 21.5 m. The arrangement is such that a muon coming from the interaction region
Page 1:
Measurement of the Z boson cross-se
Page 4 and 5:
Contents Title Page . . . . . . . .
Page 6 and 7:
Contents vi Electron reconstruction
Page 8 and 9:
List of Figures 1.1 Proton structur
Page 10 and 11:
List of Figures x 6.17 Muon pT scal
Page 12 and 13:
List of Tables xii 6.18 Decompositi
Page 14 and 15:
Acknowledgments xiv mate Niels van
Page 16 and 17: Chapter 1: Introduction and Theoret
Page 24: Chapter 1: Introduction and Theoret
Page 48 and 49: Chapter 2 The Accelerator and the E
Page 50: Chapter 2: The Accelerator and the
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 2: The Accelerator and the
Page 80: Chapter 3 Luminosity Measurement at
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 3: Luminosity Measurement a
Page 109 and 110: Chapter 4: Data Collection and Even
Page 117 and 118:
Chapter 4: Data Collection and Even
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135:
Page 140:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Chapter 5: Monte Carlo Simulation 1
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171:
Page 174 and 175:
Chapter 6 Event Selection After eve
Page 177 and 178:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 163 - In
Page 179 and 180:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 165 Figu
Page 181 and 182:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 167 with
Page 183 and 184:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 169 Entr
Page 185 and 186:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 171 Entr
Page 187 and 188:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 173 T p
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 177 6.2.
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 185 are
Page 203 and 204:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 189 Reco
Page 205 and 206:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 191 smea
Page 207 and 208:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 193 Firs
Page 211 and 212:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 197 Para
Page 213 and 214:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 199 the
Page 217:
Chapter 6: Event Selection 203 Para
Page 222 and 223:
Chapter 7: Background Estimation 20
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Chapter 8: Properties of Z bosons a
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248:
Page 253 and 254:
Chapter 9: Discussion and Outlook 2
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Appendix A: Event list 245 Candidat
Page 261 and 262:
Appendix A: Event list 247 Candidat
Page 263 and 264:
Appendix B: Comparison of muon curv
Page 265 and 266:
Bibliography 251 [13] S. Ask. Statu
Page 267 and 268:
Bibliography 253 [44] S. Frixione,
Page 269 and 270:
Bibliography 255 [75] N. E. Adam an
Page 271:
Bibliography 257 [102] The TOTEM Co
show all

Measurement of the Z boson cross-section in - Harvard University ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?