Principios de Taxonomia

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essence 45, 46, 56, 58, 64, 65 essential traits 22, 59, 60, 62, 218 eubacteria 134 Eurasian Blackbird 113 European Swift 111 evo-devo 75, 83 evolutionary divergence 150 evolutionary epistemology 29 f Falco eleonora 96, 143 family resemblance 60 family s tree 190 female choice 77, 100, 158 Ferguson, Willem H. 86 fertilization 129 Ficedula albicollis 78, 184 Ficedula hypoleuca 78, 184 field guides 2, 5, 6, 34 Fire Salamander 160 Flycatcher, Pied 78, 184 folk biology 26, 29, 44 folk science 30 form 96 Fringilla coelebs 207, 208 Fringilla teydea 207, 208 g Garter Snake 101, 121 Gasterosteus aculeatus 73 gastrulation 84 genealogical cohesion 194, 217 – connections 130, 131, 134, 187, 188 – gene flow 129, 130 – tree 204 gene flow 89, 98, 100, 101, 132, 133, 160–162, 179, 188, 194, 196, 208, 209, 211, 217 – cohesion 39, 52, 207 – community 3, 13, 38, 42, 59, 63, 65, 80, 81, 88, 89, 118, 127, 130–133, 135, 136, 152, 161, 162, 166, 181, 183–185, 194, 196, 198, 207 – connection 131, 185 – relation 50, 65 gene pool 181 gene theft 178, 179, 180 genetic compatibility 132 – drift 87, 105, 106, 109, 131 – incompatibility 150 – preadaptation 121 gene tree 204, 205, 206 Geospiza fortis 119, 120, 178 Geospiza scandens 179 Gessner, Konrad 70 Ghiselin, Michael 44, 50, 127, 188, 209, 210 Great Blue Heron 96 Great Tit 142 Greek naturalist Heraclitus 209 Greek paradoxes 13 Greenish Warbler 165 Grey Wolf 162, 163 group formation 27, 48 group selection 106, 107, 120 Guppy 100 h Haeckel, Ernst 189 Haldane, John Burdone 153 Haldane s Rule 152, 153, 154 Hardy-Weinberg Law 109 Hebert, Paul 87 Heine, Heinrich 1 Hennig, Willi 74, 75, 194, 195, 196, 198, 201, 202, 206, 207, 210 hermaphrodite 136 Herring Gull 164, 172 hierarchical levels 189, 191, 198, 202–204, 206, 213 homeostatic property cluster 58, 59 homologous 75, 84, 85 – genes 85 – traits 82 homology 82, 83, 85 – problem 84 Hooded Crow 99, 173, 177 horizontal gene transfer 134 Horse 187, 188 House Sparrow 69, 98, 99, 176–178 Hox mutation 10 Hull, David 23, 43, 202, 207 human populations 108 – races 32, 97, 98, 109, 142 hybrid 31, 161, 163, 167–169, 174–176, 180, 184 – incompatibility 151, 152 – species 69, 177, 178 – sterility 155 hybridogenic speciation 173, 175, 181 Hypolimnas misippus 124 i identification – guide 69 – of species 91 Indexj241
242j Index – traits 90 individual 10, 45, 50–54, 56, 167, 188, 209, 218 interspecific differences 81 intraspecific – differences 81 – diversity 108, 116 – polymorphisms 2, 94, 95, 104, 116, 195 intrinsic traits 10, 46, 48, 65 introgression 174 isolation by distance 132, 140, 141, 163–165, 167, 177 Italian Sparrow 69, 176–178 k kinship 80, 81, 85, 87, 161, 196–201, 205, 207, 210, 213 kleptospecies 181 Kripke, Saul 45, 58 l Large Heath 140 Larus argentatus 164, 172 Larus fuscus 172 larvae 101 lateral gene – exchange 3 – flow 45, 127, 130, 141, 217 – transfer 135 Lesser Black-backed Gull 172 lineages 36, 87, 187, 189, 194, 195 Linnaean names 44 – nomenclature 43, 212, 213 – system 212, 213, 214, 215 Linnaeus 2, 3, 22, 45, 61–63, 65, 70, 103, 212, 213, 218 Little Blue Heron 96 Little Egret 96 local adaptations 138 m main branch 13, 211 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) 107, 206 Mallard 79, 170 Map Butterfly 96, 102 Marsh Frog 180, 181 Marsh Tit 185 Mayr, Ernst 2, 19, 20, 23, 29, 39, 44, 70, 89, 123, 124, 127, 138, 141, 158, 159, 164, 166, 201, 202, 210 Medium Ground Finch 119, 178, 179 meiosis 129 Meise, Wilhelm 69, 177 melanism 103 Mendeleev, Dmitri Ivanovich 56, 63 Mendelian rule 115 Meyer, Julius Lothar 56, 63 MHC alleles 107, 108 migratory and sedentary birds 110, 114, 144 migratory birds 111–113, 145 mimicry 67, 116, 123 – morph 123 – polymorphism 102, 124, 126 Mimulus cardinalis 182 Mimulus lewisii 182 Mishler, Brent 20, 187, 191, 196, 207, 212 mixed classification 208, 209, 210 mixed mating 163, 184 molecular clock 87, 90 monistic species concept 18 monkey flower 182 monophyletic taxonomy 43 monophylum 43, 162, 197–199, 206, 207, 210 monophyly 13, 14, 36, 196, 201, 202, 206–208, 210, 211, 213 monophyly-paraphyly conflict 209, 210 monothetic class 60 monozygotic twins 41, 69 morph 95, 96, 97, 100–104, 113–118, 121, 149, 158 morphotype 103 Muller, Hermann Joseph 153 Müllerian mimicry 67 multiple alleles 115 – allelism 68, 106 multivoltinism 102 mutant 97, 103 n natural group 18 natural kind 10, 22, 54–56, 58, 60–62, 64, 218 neutral allele 105 New World Ruddy Duck 150 New World Vultures 83 Nine-spotted Moth 116 nominalistic and realistic classes 55 Northern Lapwing 142 o objects – of biology 10 – of chemistry 10 Oenanthe melanoleuca 5 Oenanthe hispanica 5 Okasha Samir, 64
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Werner Kunz Do Species Exist?
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Werner Kunz Do Species Exist? Princ
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Contents Foreword XI Preface XV Col
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5.5 Are Carrion Crow and Hooded Cro
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7.8 Gene Trees are not Species Tree
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XIIj Foreword formed out in various
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Preface What is water? You would no
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Color Plates Do Species Exist? Prin
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Color PlatesjXIX
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Color PlatesjXXI
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Color PlatesjXXVII
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Color PlatesjXXXI
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Color PlatesjXXXIII
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230j Scientific Terms Autapomorphy
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232j Scientific Terms Gene-flow com
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234j Scientific Terms Monophylum A
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236j Scientific Terms barriers prev
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238j Scientific Terms Universal Uni
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2j Introduction would be sufficient
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4j Introduction A number of the col
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6j 1 Are Species Constructs of the
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2 Why is there a Species Problem? 2
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2.2 Can Species be Defined and Deli
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2.3 What Makes Biological Species s
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These conclusions indeed sound para
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2.4 Species: To Exist, or not to Ex
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If the species concept is, or even
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2.6 The Constant Change in Evolutio
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2.7 Can a Scientist Work with a Spe
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2.8 The Species as an Intuitive Con
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Contrary to this, it is always auto
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2.9 Taxonomy s Status as a Soft or
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2.11 Sociological Consequences of a
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Races are not populations of indivi
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2.12 Species Pluralism: How Many Sp
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2.12 Species Pluralism: How Many Sp
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2.13 It is One Thing to Identify a
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2.14 The Dualism of the Species Con
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2.14 The Dualism of the Species Con
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3 Is the Biological Species a Class
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3.2 Class Formation and Relational
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3.3 Is the Biological Species a Uni
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3.4 The Difference Between a Group
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3.4 The Difference Between a Group
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3.5 Artificial Classes and Natural
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3.6 The Biological Species Cannot b
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3.7 The Biological Species as a Hom
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3.9 The Linnaean System is Based on
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3.10 Comparison of the System of Or
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3.11 The Relational Properties of t
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68j 4 What are Traits in Taxonomy?
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94j 5 Diversity within the Species:
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100j 5 Diversity within the Species
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128j 6 Biological Species as a Gene
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Page 210 and 211: 170j 6 Biological Species as a Gene
Page 226 and 227: 7 The Cohesion of Organisms Through
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Page 242 and 243: Figure 7.8 Phylogenetic trees at di
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Page 250 and 251: 7.11 The Cladistic Bifurcation of a
Page 252 and 253: 7.12 The Phylocode j213 Thus, if th
Page 254 and 255: 7.12 The Phylocode j215 Figure 7.13
Page 256 and 257: 8 Outlook What is a species? The an
Page 258 and 259: Index a aberration 96 Acinonyx juba
Page 262 and 263: Old World Ruddy Duck 150 Old World
Page 264: v vague boundaries 21, 184 vaguenes
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Principios de Taxonomia

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