Principios de Taxonomia

5.5 Are Carrion Crow and Hooded Crow (Corvus corone and C. cornix)
in Eurasia and the Guppy Populations on Trinidad
Species or Races? 99
5.6 What are Morphs? 100
5.7 What are Mutants (in a Taxonomic Sense)? 103
5.8 Allelic Diversity 104
5.9 How Long is the Lifetime of Allelic Polymorphisms? 105
5.10 Stable Polymorphisms – The Selective Advantage is Diversity 106
5.11 Are Differences between Species Due only to Differences in
Allelic Frequency Distribution, Such that there are no Truly
Species-Specific Traits? 108
5.12 Partially Migratory Birds – an Example of Genetic
Polymorphisms 110
5.13 Intraspecies Morphs in the Burnet Moth Zygaena ephialtes 114
5.14 The Color Pattern Polymorphism of the Shells of the
Brown-Lipped Snail Cepaea nemoralis 116
5.15 The Beak Polymorphism in the Black-Bellied Seedcracker
Finch Pyrenestes ostrinus 118
5.16 The Beak Polymorphism in the Darwin Finch Geospiza fortis 119
5.17 Intraspecies Morphs in the Garter Snake Thamnophis ordinoides 121
5.18 Urbanization in Certain Bird Species is based on Genetic
Polymorphism 121
5.19 The Mimicry Morphs of the Female Swallowtails
of the Genus Papilio 123
5.20 The Morphs of the Brood-Parasitic Cuckoo Female
Cuculus canorus 125
6 Biological Species as a Gene-Flow Community 127
6.1 The Definition of the Gene-Flow Community 127
6.2 The Connection of Organisms in a Gene-Flow Community
Includes the Genealogical Connection 130
6.3 The Species is a Gene-Flow Community, Not a Reproductive
Community 131
6.4 A Species Concept Requires Both Connection and Delimitation 133
6.5 The Concept of the Gene-Flow Community in Eukaryotes
and in Bacteria 134
6.6 Uniparental Propagation in Eukaryotes 135
6.7 Why do the Individuals of a Species Resemble Each Other? 138
6.8 Isolation by Distance 140
6.9 A Decrease in Lateral Sexual Gene Flow, together with Local
Adaptation, Creates Races 141
6.10 The Adaptation of Breeding Times in Birds to the Annual
Maximum Food Supply 143
6.11 Are Migratory and Sedentary Birds Able to Crossbreed? 144
Contents VII