Principios de Taxonomia

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Old World Ruddy Duck 150 Old World Vultures 83 one-gene speciation 183 ontology 41 operational definition 40, 80 orchid 168 Orr, Allen 183 Oxyura jamaicensis 150, 170 Oxyura leucocephala 150, 170 p Pacific Black Duck 170 Papilio dardanus 123, 124, 158 Papilio machaon 148 paraphyletic classification 199 – systematics 210 – taxonomy 200 paraphylum 197, 198, 199, 203, 204, 206, 207 paraphyly 196, 199–202, 206–208, 210 parthenogenesis 136, 190 partially migratory birds 113, 146 Parus caerulescens 144 Parus major 142 Parus montanus 131, 139, 184 Parus palustris 185 Passer domesticus 69, 176 Passer hispaniolensis 69, 176 Passer italiae 69, 176 Pelophylax esculenta 180 Pelophylax lessonae 180 Pelophylax ridibunda 180 periodic table of chemical elements 56, 63 phase 96 phenetic classification 71 phenetics 70, 71 phenetic species concept 34, 61, 71, 95, 102, 108 phenetic taxonomy 37 phenon 96 Phylloscopus trochiloides 165 phylocode 43, 44, 212–216 – system 215 phylogenetic bifurcation 36 – distance 88, 153, 161 – lineage 16 – species 161 – tree 87, 187, 189–191, 193, 198, 202–204, 213, 214, 216 Pintail 79 Plato 21, 22 pleiotropy 72 plesiomorphy 75 Polar Bear 162, 163 polygeny 68, 71 polymorphic population 125 – species 104 – stages 102 polymorphism 101, 102, 106, 108, 117 Polyommatus icarus 149 polyploidy 175 polythetic class 60, 61, 64 polytype 101 polytypic species 67 polytypy 40, 101 Pool Frog 180, 181 Popper, Karl 15, 44 postzygotic 168 – barrier 151, 176 – incompatibilities 152, 154 – mating barrier 149, 171 – reproductive barrier 175 – speciation genes 151 potential ability to crossbreed 166, 167 – cross-fertility 167 – reproductive community 132 Poulton, Edward Bagnall 2, 123, 124, 127 pragmatism 6, 44 preadaptation 106 pre- and postzygotic barriers 149 premating barrier 151 prezygotic 168 – barrier 151, 166 – mating barrier 147, 171 – speciation genes 150 principle of cladistics 14 prokaryotes 134 prokaryotic lateral gene transfer 128 Puffinus mauretanicus 5 Puffinus yelkouan 5 Puma concolor 105 Putnam, Hilary 45, 58 Pyrenestes ostrinus 118 r race 33, 39, 97, 98, 101, 103, 113, 141, 142, 158, 181 Rassenkreis 164 Raven, Peter 141 Reddish Egret 96 Red Lists 30 Red Wolf 31, 163 reinforcement 171, 172 relational cohesion 192, 193 – connections 10, 26, 27, 50, 65, 188 – group 47, 48, 57, 193 Indexj243
244j Index Rensch, Bernhard 19, 112, 142, 148, 164 reproductive community 3, 38, 63, 81, 124, 132, 152, 171, 181 – connection 133 – incompatibility 88, 149, 150, 153, 161 reptiles 198–201, 203, 215 reticular network 190, 191 Rhagoletis 159 ring species 132, 141, 163–165, 177 Ruddy Duck 163 s Salamandra salamandra 160 Sauropsida 215 Saxicola torquata 114, 146 sedentary birds 111–113, 145, 146 selection pressure 139 self-fertilization 136, 174, 176 self-fertilizing organisms 174 sexual – cohesion 217 – compatibility 161 – connections 131 – dimorphism 96, 101, 102, 107, 114, 118 – gene flow 129, 130 side branch 13, 203, 210, 211 Silver-washed Fritillary 96 Simpson, George Gaylord 7, 19, 41, 187 Sitta neumayer 78 Sitta tephronota 78 Snow Goose 96, 103 Spanish Sparrow 69, 176, 177, 178 speciation 72, 74, 100, 128, 155, 165, 176, 181, 217, 218 – genes 93, 149, 150, 155, 163, 217 – rates 9 – traits 95 species 98 – borders 187, 192 – boundaries 163, 191 – concept 5, 34, 95, 161 – conservation 108 – definition 95, 192, 196 – diagnosis 195 – differences 93, 110 – essences 45, 62 – formation 172 – hybrid 169, 178, 184 – hybridization 178 – identification 6, 218 – as individuals 167 – membership 81 – numbers 18 – pluralism 33 – problem 27, 28, 41, 42 – tree 204–206 species-less 137 – organisms 13, 21, 136 species-specific – traits 108 specifier 75, 196 sperm-egg fusion 128, 135 split 36 squid eye 85 stable allelic polymorphisms 120, 206 stable polymorphisms 95, 106–108, 118–120 stem group 37 stem species 13, 14, 74, 194, 205, 207–211 Stickleback 73, 74 stonechat 114, 146 structural genes 71–74, 104, 111, 121 Sturtevant, Alfred Henry 70 subspecies 97, 98 Swallowtail 148 Sylvia atricapilla 112, 114, 146 sympatric and allopatric speciation 155 sympatric speciation 90, 117, 119, 155–160, 182 synthetic theory of evolution 19 Syntomis phegea 116 t taxon as a class 22 taxonomic classifications 115 tetraploid 175 Thamnophis ordinoides 101, 121 theory in taxonomy 1 Tilapia 160 trait – essentialism 56 – resemblance 18 transcription factor 72, 104, 111, 120 transduction 135 transposable elements 9 Turdus merula 113 typological species concept 23 typology 123, 192, 196, 201 u uniparental organisms 127, 136 uniparental reproduction 131, 136, 189, 190 universal 21, 45, 46, 49, 50, 52, 54, 56 univoltine and bivoltine butterflies 148 univoltism 149 urbanization of birds 122 Ursus arctos 162 Ursus maritimus 162
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Werner Kunz Do Species Exist?
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Werner Kunz Do Species Exist? Princ
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Contents Foreword XI Preface XV Col
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5.5 Are Carrion Crow and Hooded Cro
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7.8 Gene Trees are not Species Tree
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XIIj Foreword formed out in various
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Preface What is water? You would no
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Color Plates Do Species Exist? Prin
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Color PlatesjXIX
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Color PlatesjXXVII
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Color PlatesjXXXI
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Color PlatesjXXXIII
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230j Scientific Terms Autapomorphy
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232j Scientific Terms Gene-flow com
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234j Scientific Terms Monophylum A
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236j Scientific Terms barriers prev
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238j Scientific Terms Universal Uni
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2j Introduction would be sufficient
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4j Introduction A number of the col
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6j 1 Are Species Constructs of the
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2 Why is there a Species Problem? 2
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2.2 Can Species be Defined and Deli
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2.3 What Makes Biological Species s
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These conclusions indeed sound para
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2.4 Species: To Exist, or not to Ex
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If the species concept is, or even
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2.6 The Constant Change in Evolutio
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2.7 Can a Scientist Work with a Spe
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2.8 The Species as an Intuitive Con
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Contrary to this, it is always auto
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2.9 Taxonomy s Status as a Soft or
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2.11 Sociological Consequences of a
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Races are not populations of indivi
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2.12 Species Pluralism: How Many Sp
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2.12 Species Pluralism: How Many Sp
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2.13 It is One Thing to Identify a
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2.14 The Dualism of the Species Con
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2.14 The Dualism of the Species Con
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3 Is the Biological Species a Class
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3.2 Class Formation and Relational
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3.3 Is the Biological Species a Uni
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3.4 The Difference Between a Group
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3.4 The Difference Between a Group
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3.5 Artificial Classes and Natural
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3.6 The Biological Species Cannot b
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3.7 The Biological Species as a Hom
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3.9 The Linnaean System is Based on
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3.10 Comparison of the System of Or
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3.11 The Relational Properties of t
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68j 4 What are Traits in Taxonomy?
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94j 5 Diversity within the Species:
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100j 5 Diversity within the Species
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128j 6 Biological Species as a Gene
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Page 212 and 213: 172j 6 Biological Species as a Gene
Page 226 and 227: 7 The Cohesion of Organisms Through
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Page 250 and 251: 7.11 The Cladistic Bifurcation of a
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Page 256 and 257: 8 Outlook What is a species? The an
Page 258 and 259: Index a aberration 96 Acinonyx juba
Page 260 and 261: essence 45, 46, 56, 58, 64, 65 esse
Page 264: v vague boundaries 21, 184 vaguenes
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Principios de Taxonomia

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