Dog Owner's Home Veterinary Handbook.pdf - Mr. Walnuts

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474 •DOG OWNER’S HOME VETERINARY HANDBOOK The cervix opens into the vaginal birth canal. When the cervix is completely dilated, the puppy slides into the vagina and the water bag around the puppy can be seen bulging through the lips of the vulva. In some cases the bag ruptures before the puppy is born. If so, a yellow or straw-colored fluid is passed. After the water bag breaks, the puppy should be delivered within a few minutes. Dark green fluid—from placental wastes called biliverdin—will be passed, but normally the puppy comes first. About 70 percent of puppies are born in the diving position, with feet and nose first. After the head is delivered, the rest of the puppy slides out easily. The mother instinctively removes the fetal membranes and vigorously licks the puppy’s face to clear fluid and mucus from his nose and mouth. As the puppy gasps, the lungs inflate and breathing begins. The dam now severs the umbilical cord by shredding it with her teeth. No attempt should be made to interfere with this normal maternal care. It is an important part of the recognition process and mother-puppy bonding. However, if the mother is occupied with another puppy and fails to remove the sac around the puppy, you should step in and strip away the fetal membranes to allow the puppy to breathe (see Helping a Puppy to Breathe, page 477). Similarly, if the cord is severed too cleanly or too close to the puppy’s navel, it may continue to bleed. Be prepared to clamp or pinch off the cord and tie a thread around the stump. After the mother severs the cord, the stump of each puppy should be disinfected with iodine or some other suitable antiseptic. This step helps to prevent umbilical stump infection. During stage three labor, the placenta is expelled. A placenta is passed within a few minutes after the birth of each puppy. The dam may consume some or all of the placentas. This instinctive reaction may stem from behavior in the wild, where it is important to remove the evidence of birthing. Consuming the placentas is not essential from a health standpoint. In fact, ingesting several placentas can cause diarrhea. You may wish to remove some or all of the placentas. However, be sure to count them. If the number of placentas is less than the number of puppies, notify your veterinarian. A retained placenta can cause acute postpartum metritis. Normally, the next puppy will be born from the opposite uterine horn. As the dam prepares for the second puppy, remove the first puppy and place him in a warm box. This way, the mother will not accidentally roll on the pup while she is distracted by the next birth. Between births put the puppies back on the dam’s nipples. Their sucking action stimulates uterine contractions and helps bring on the colostrum, or first milk of the dam. This colostrum contains maternal antibodies that protect the pups against infectious diseases.
PREGNANCY AND WHELPING • 475 This puppy is being born surrounded by the water bag. Remove the membranes if the mother does not do so. Present the puppy to the mother to lick and cuddle. This establishes the motherpuppy bond.
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Dog Owner’s Home VETERINARY Handb
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This book is not intended as a subs
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Copyright © 2007 by Howell Book Ho
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to tha
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CONTENTS Introduction . . . . . . .
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x • CONTENTS Infectious Canine He
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xii •CONTENTS Hypoestrogenism (Es
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xiv •CONTENTS Chapter 6: THE EARS
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xvi •CONTENTS Chapter 9: THE DIGE
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xviii •CONTENTS Coughing . . . .
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xx •CONTENTS Chapter 13: THE MUSC
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xxii •CONTENTS Preventing Pregnan
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xxiv •CONTENTS Chapter 18: TUMORS
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xxvi •CONTENTS Appendix D: USEFUL
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xxviii •INTRODUCTION 6. Osteoarth
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2 •DOG OWNER’S HOME VETERINARY
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C h a p t e r INFECTIOUS DISEASES I
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opossums appear to be the primary r
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Accordingly, antibiotics are used o
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een exposed to the disease. Dogs ma
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time, hard-pad and encephalitis wer
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Treatment: Acute cases must be hosp
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Regardless of the dog’s age at th
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INFECTIOUS DISEASES • 79 veterina
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HISTOPLASMOSIS This disease is foun
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SPOROTRICHOSIS This is a skin and s
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Coccidiosis is a particular problem
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Treatment: The disease can be treat
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ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER INFECT
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to make them less infectious) patho
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you go to the veterinarian for your
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The distemper-measles vaccine shoul
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prevent the disease. Parainfluenza
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Vaccination Recommendations This ch
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C h a p t e r THE SKIN AND COAT Ski
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and breed variations. The Afghan Ho
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THE SKIN AND COAT • 105 Clockwise
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To remove mats, first saturate the
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Trim the nails parallel to the toe
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You can complete the drying process
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Itchy Skin Diseases THE SKIN AND CO
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Seborrhea: Dry type—Similar to he
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Histiocytoma: Rapidly growing dome-
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THE SKIN AND COAT • 119 Program t
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Sprays and foams should not be used
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Foggers generally contain permethri
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THE SKIN AND COAT • 125 You must
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Scabies mites have developed resist
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where the skin is thin, usually bet
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The eggs hatch within three days. O
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Most dips must be repeated one or m
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Because lick sores are perpetuated
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FLEA ALLERGY DERMATITIS This is the
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ecomes thick and darkly pigmented.
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from one commercial food to another
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THE SKIN AND COAT • 143 disease i
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of ACTH and dexamethasone. Advances
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too tightly or for too long a time,
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COLOR MUTANT ALOPECIA (BLUE DOBERMA
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Systemic antibiotics are used to tr
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THE SKIN AND COAT • 153 diagnosin
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disease could be progressing to the
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heavy dogs and dogs who are kennele
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infected skin on longhaired dogs (d
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In hot, humid weather, always be su
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MYCETOMA A mycetoma is a tumorlike
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THE SKIN AND COAT • 165 This Akit
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Treatment: Discoid lupus can be suc
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C h a p t e r THE EYES The eye is a
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lens. The large vitreous chamber, c
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or hair loss are discussed in Eyeli
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Only use drops and ointments that a
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Eyelids BLEPHAROSPASM (SEVERE SQUIN
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BURNS OF THE EYES Chemical injuries
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and loose facial skin, such as Chin
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haggard look. Most breed standards
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Follicular (mucoid) conjunctivitis
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glands. The inner layer is composed
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y excessive tearing. Excessive tear
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The Cornea The cornea is the clear
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INDOLENT CORNEAL ULCERS IN BOXERS A
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Pannus is a specific type of nonpai
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way on both tests. A dog with some
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ANTERIOR UVEITIS (SOFT EYE) THE EYE
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In chronic glaucoma the affected ey
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Collie eye can be detected by a vet
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C h a p t e r THE EARS Hearing is o
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It is common in professional groomi
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veterinary guidance. Preparations c
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Sometimes a drain will be installed
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THE EARS • 213 This dog has sever
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for external otitis (page 212). Thi
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(page 212). If the eardrum is intac
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THE EARS • 219 enough to respond
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222 •DOG OWNER’S HOME VETERINAR
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C h a p t e r THE MOUTH AND THROAT
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Sudden gagging, choking, drooling,
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STOMATITIS (SORE MOUTH) Stomatitis
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THE MOUTH AND THROAT • 237 Treatm
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Teeth and Gums DECIDUOUS AND ADULT
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Typical Wear Patterns of Canine Tee
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THE MOUTH AND THROAT • 243 Unders
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THE MOUTH AND THROAT • 245 The te
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dental plaque and tartar and aids i
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Taking Care of Your Dog’s Teeth M
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The Throat PHARYNGITIS (SORE THROAT
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in the mandibular glands, located i
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C h a p t e r THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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passed through the esophagus into t
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swallowing appear at 4 to 10 months
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esophageal endoscopy. The stricture
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projectile. Other signs of gastric
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THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM • 265 may wh
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stomach to the abdominal wall (a pr
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THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM • 269 other
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THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM • 271 possib
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Small and Large Bowels Problems in
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The bacteria Clostridium perfringen
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The esophagus of the dog is larger
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in dogs on corticosteroid therapy a
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Treating Constipation THE DIGESTIVE
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Packaged saline laxative enemas tha
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Intestinal parasites are a common c
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Bleeding from the anal canal is rec
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A dog with complete rectal prolapse
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The anal sacs can be emptied by squ
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Treatment: Surgery is the most effe
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normally removed from the bloodstre
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is directed toward controlling hepa
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ation in two or three small serving
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THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM • 301 treati
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combination of essential amino acid
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FEEDING GROWING PUPPIES THE DIGESTI
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There are numerous serious problems
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THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM • 309 Breed
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C h a p t e r THE CIRCULATORY SYSTE
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HEART SOUNDS THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
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Heart Disease The leading cause of
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common at night. A swollen abdomen
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Breed Predispositions for Congenita
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or faster than normal (called tachy
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calcium channel blockers, angiotens
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Sexual reproduction occurs if worms
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the skin. Its importance lies in th
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Dramatic declines in microfilaria c
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Medications containing DEC have an
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Severe anemia is corrected with blo
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THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM • 353 hist
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C h a p t e r THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Th
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Computer-assisted tomography (CAT s
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THE NERVOUS SYSTEM • 359 Signs of
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Treatment: Corticosteroids are used
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Hereditary Diseases Hereditary nerv
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INHERITED NEUROPATHIES THE NERVOUS
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Lissencephaly is a condition seen r
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immediate veterinary attention. Sta
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the dog may be sitting quietly and
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BOTULISM Botulism is a paralytic di
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SPINAL CORD INJURIES THE NERVOUS SY
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THE NERVOUS SYSTEM • 377 In this
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FIBROCATILAGINOUS EMBOLIC MYELOPATH
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leg. Nerves can be crushed when a v
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C h a p t e r THE URINARY SYSTEM Th
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POLYURIA (EXCESSIVE URINATION) Freq
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BLADDER AND URETHRAL STONES THE URI
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Hormone-Responsive Incontinence THE
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the ejaculate when a male dog mates
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Renal Dysplasia THE URINARY SYSTEM
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Page 455 and 456: kidneys. Dogs with weak kidneys can
Page 457 and 458: SEX AND C h a p t e r REPRODUCTION
Page 459 and 460: SEX AND REPRODUCTION • 429 A numb
Page 461 and 462: plan to choose your stock. Visit as
Page 463 and 464: SEX AND REPRODUCTION • 433 if som
Page 465 and 466: will be familiar with the bloodline
Page 467 and 468: SEX AND REPRODUCTION • 437 Female
Page 469 and 470: Progesterone levels can be measured
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Page 473 and 474: Young and inexperienced males may b
Page 475 and 476: SEX AND REPRODUCTION • 445 AI usi
Page 477 and 478: high fertility can be used every ot
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Page 481 and 482: SEX AND REPRODUCTION • 451 Heat w
Page 483 and 484: SEX AND REPRODUCTION • 453 embryo
Page 485 and 486: symptoms can be treated with hormon
Page 487 and 488: A bitch does not need to have a lit
Page 489 and 490: Traditionally, dogs have been neute
Page 491 and 492: Severe hyperplasia may progress to
Page 493 and 494: A bitch with endometritis appears t
Page 495 and 496: UNDESCENDED TESTICLES A dog in whic
Page 497 and 498: C h a p t e r PREGNANCY AND Pregnan
Page 499 and 500: PRENATAL CHECKUPS The first prenata
Page 501 and 502: PREPARING FOR WHELPING PREGNANCY AN
Page 503: SIGNS OF WHELPING Two to three days
Page 507 and 508: either side of the mother’s perin
Page 509 and 510: the vagina. This converts the breec
Page 511 and 512: Most dams are awake and able to nur
Page 513 and 514: process of involution. The associat
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Page 517 and 518: Treatment: There is no way to make
Page 519 and 520: C h a p t e r PEDIATRICS Healthy ne
Page 521 and 522: is dry and snuggles close to his mo
Page 523 and 524: When to Supplement Puppies who gain
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Page 527 and 528: ecause orphaned puppies tend to suc
Page 529 and 530: CALCULATING HOW MUCH FORMULA Accura
Page 531 and 532: PEDIATRICS • 501 The correct posi
Page 533 and 534: unabsorbed bile. Dilute the strengt
Page 535 and 536: sites, and coexistent viral infecti
Page 537 and 538: An acquired form of pyloric stenosi
Page 539 and 540: the groin is called an inguinal her
Page 541 and 542: Feeding Growing Puppies You can det
Page 543 and 544: In summary, it is critical that bre
Page 545 and 546: PEDIATRICS • 515 mind that pickin
Page 547 and 548: CONSIDERING DISPOSITION Young puppi
Page 549 and 550: If the puppy makes mistakes in the
Page 551 and 552: PEDIATRICS • 521 expect destructi
Page 553: PEDIATRICS • 523 To correct a pup
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GLOSSARY Words in italics are defin
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GLOSSARY • 587 Brachycephalic A d
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GLOSSARY • 589 Depigmentation Los
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GLOSSARY • 591 Exudate A liquid d
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GLOSSARY • 593 Ileocecal valve A
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GLOSSARY • 595 MLV Modified live
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GLOSSARY • 597 Peritoneal cavity
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GLOSSARY • 599 Scrotum The bag of
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GLOSSARY • 601 Uterine inertia Fa
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ART CREDITS Unless otherwise noted
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610 •GENERAL INDEX artificial ins
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612 •GENERAL INDEX cardiac ultras
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614 •GENERAL INDEX diets for. See
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616 •GENERAL INDEX eyes (continue
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618 •GENERAL INDEX hypertrophic g
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620 •GENERAL INDEX mild pancreati
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622 •GENERAL INDEX PAA (pancreati
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624 •GENERAL INDEX ranula, 253 ra
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626 •GENERAL INDEX stud dog, 434-
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628 •GENERAL INDEX vocal cord par
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