Dog Owner's Home Veterinary Handbook.pdf - Mr. Walnuts

62 •DOG OWNER’S HOME VETERINARY HANDBOOK
Threadworms (Strongyloides)
Threadworms are round worms just 2 mm long that live in the small intestines
and infect both dogs and humans. The parasite is found in humid, subtropical
regions such as the southeastern United States and Gulf Coast areas.
The life cycle of the threadworm is complex. Eggs and larvae are passed in
the feces. Larvae become infective and are either ingested or gain entrance by
directly penetrating the skin.
Threadworms are mainly a problem in puppies. Infected pups suffer from a
profuse watery or bloody diarrhea that can be fatal. Pneumonia may occur as
the larvae migrate through the lungs.
Treatment: The diagnosis is made by finding eggs or larvae on microscopic
examination of stool, both fresh and after incubation. A five-day course of
Panacur is the treatment of choice. Retreatment in 30 days is recommended.
Ivermectin has also been used effectively, although it is not labeled for this
purpose.
Public health considerations: Dogs can readily infect humans, and vice
versa. Threadworm infection in humans is a debilitating disease accompanied
by chronic diarrhea. Accordingly, infected pups must be isolated until treated
and cured. Extreme care must be taken to avoid human contact with the feces
of dogs infected with threadworms.
Other Worm Parasites
PINWORMS
Pinworms are sometimes a concern to families with pets and children.
However, dogs and cats are not a source of human pinworm infection, because
they do not acquire or spread these parasites.
TRICHINOSIS
This is a disease acquired by ingesting uncooked pork containing the encysted
larvae of Trichina spiralis. In humans, only a few cases are reported each year.
The incidence is probably somewhat higher in dogs. Prevent trichinosis by
keeping your dog from roaming, especially if you live in a rural area. Cook all
fresh meat for you and your dog.
LUNGWORMS
Lungworms are slender, hairlike parasites about 1 centimeter long. There
are several species of lungworm that affect dogs. Capillaria aerophila is acquired
by ingesting eggs or a transport host, such as snails, slugs, or rodents. These