Towards a Worldwide Index of Human Freedom

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About the co-publishers Fraser Institute The vision of the Fraser Institute is a free and prosperous world where individuals benefit from greater choice, competitive markets, and personal responsibility. Our mission is to measure, study, and communicate the impact of competitive markets and government interventions on the welfare of individuals. Founded in 1974, we are an independent research and educational organization with locations throughout North America and international partners in nearly 90 nations and territories. Our work is financed by tax-deductible contributions from thousands of individuals, organizations, and foundations. In order to protect its independence, the Institute does not accept grants from government or contracts for research. Website: http://www.fraserinstitute.org. Liberales Institut The Liberales Institut is the think tank of the Friedrich-Naumann- Foundation for Freedom, based in Potsdam, Germany. It spreads liberal and free-market ideas through publications, the analysis of political trends, and the promotion of research. It aims to promote the goal of making freedom valid for the dignity of all people and in all areas of society, both in Germany and abroad. Its policies work towards promoting the rule of law, democracy, and the world-wide liberalization of all markets: information, technology, goods and services, as well as currency and capital markets. The Institute organizes conferences and workshops to stimulate an intellectual exchange among liberals around the world. Website: http://www.libinst.de. Acknowledgments This publication has been generously supported by the Lotte & John Hecht Memorial Foundation, and by the sponsors of the seminars out of which the book arose: the first, in Atlanta, sponsored by Liberty Fund; two, in Potsdam, sponsored by the Liberal Institute of the Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom; and one, in Washington, DC, sponsored by the Cato Institute. Fraser Institute ©2012 • www.fraserinstitute.org • www.freetheworld.com
Overview The quest People have been seeking freedom for millennia, but not freedom for all. Slaves, serfs, women, outsiders, and the defeated were not included. That changed in the last few centuries as the circle of those considered deserving of freedom expanded. Evolution continues. Two centuries ago, slavery was alive in the world in many nations, not just the United States; a century ago, women everywhere lacked full citizenship and the freedoms that go with it; more recently, sexual orientation is being removed as a barrier to freedom. The analysis A rigorous debate on freedom and what it is did not fully blossom until the Enlightenment when the thinkers of the time made clearer both the nature of freedom and the universal right to it. They also understood and developed the relationship between economic freedom, including property rights, and other freedoms. Key analytical advances (Berlin, 1958 and MacCallum, 1967) have been even more recent. The measure Yet efforts to measure freedom have only emerged in the last quarter century or so. Unfortunately, these efforts have been flawed: blurring various definitions of freedoms (despite Berlin’s and MacCallum’s analytical work), confusing “other good things” with freedom, using subjective rather than objective measures, and either failing to account for economic freedom or focusing exclusively on it. The project This project focuses on creating a comprehensive index of human freedom, which includes economic freedom and is based on the “negative” definition of freedom—in other words, the absence of barriers or coercion that prevent individuals from acting as they might wish. (This concept is discussed at more length in the McMahon, chapter two in this volume.) We have held four seminars to explore the concept and develop a way to proceed: the first in Atlanta, sponsored by Liberty Fund; two in www.freetheworld.com • www.fraserinstitute.org • Fraser Institute ©2012
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Human Freedom from Pericles to Meas
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An Index of Freedom in the World Ia
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An Index of Freedom in the World
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Table 2: Freedom Index and Sub-Inde
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North America Northern Europe Weste
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Democracy Index 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
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Sexual violence by UN Office on Dru
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Expression An Index of Freedom in t
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Relationships Freedom of assembly a
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Measuring Individual Freedom Action
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Measuring Individual Freedom • 11
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Table 1: Dimensions of freedom Free
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References Measuring Individual Fre
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chapter five A Compact Statement of
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References A Compact Statement of a
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Conditions for Freedom A Few Theses
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Conditions for Freedom • 155 For
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Figure 2: Freedom’s zikkurat and
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Figure 3: Freedom’s staircase and
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Conditions for Freedom • 161 “i
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Conditions for Freedom • 163 than
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Conditions for Freedom • 165 prop
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Evolution and Freedom Paul H. Rubin
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Evolution and Freedom • 177 About
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Evolution and Freedom • 185 Secon
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References Evolution and Freedom
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Liberty in Comparative Perspective
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Liberty in Comparative Perspective:
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The Evisceration of Liberty in Cana
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References The Evisceration of Libe
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