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24 The Green Caldron concepts, ideals and conventions ; and the edifice is a profound comment on the modern world condition. The irony of the play is bitter, pitiless. Beckett describes a world where men are indecisive, lost, a decayed world where the body and all its functions are perverted, and the mind is non-existent; a world where bigotry, cruelty, pettishness, and selfishness are universal qualities ; a world of people who can't communicate with one another, who don't want to communicate with one another, and who use other people solely for their selfish, tyrannical ends ; a world where art, convention, family loyalty, religion, the body, the mind, country, beauty, and even self-preservation are worthless. The ulti- mate irony is that the people that inhabit this world either are unaware of their condition, or, if they realize their state, take a perverse satisfaction in it. Thus the whole structure of the play is ironic. Gov and Hamm use elaborate language, seriously discuss matters of no importance while ignor- ing those of supreme importance, take delight in the empty and are disgusted by the valuable, yet, all the while, know nothing of the incongruity of their actions in relation to their condition. The world Beckett describes he calls our world; we are the people he paints. The reasons for critical dislike of the play are many. It is a difficult play to watch. It, as it must to be effective as a social criticism, exaggerates the modern condition to such an extent that the audience leaves with a foul taste in its mouth, a deep depression rather than the elation it expects from the theater. It is hard to take, too, because one has the uncomfortable feeling that it approaches the truth, and one shies away from identifying oneself with Hamm or Clov. But the main reason for the general dislike of the play is, paradoxically, the form itself. It is a delicate play, one which, unless acted perfectly, fails to communicate to the audience. The careful dialogue structure, the delicate irony, and the poetic form, are missed in a single performance. This apparent obscurity is justifiable. The play is poetry, and as such it should be read and re-read. As is is good poetry, one finds something new on each reading and one's appreciation increases. Poetry is condensed. Only by repeated readings can the value of its images, its irony, its rhythm, its meaning, and, finally, its poetic structure, be realized. FOOTNOTES * "Hang the sense ; rhythm before all !"—A saying commonly credited to him, quoted here from a footnote to Flaubert's "Un Coeur Simple," in Morris Bishop, A Survey of French Literature (New York, 1955), p. 198. " From Samuel Beckett's Proust, as quoted in Kenneth Rexroth, "The Point is Irrelevance," Nation, CLXXXII (April, 1956), 325-328. ""Private Worlds and Public," New Statesman, LVI (November, 1958), 630. * "Waiting for Beckett," Spectator, CCI (November, 1958), 609. " Ibid. 'Samuel Beckett, Endgame (New York, 1958), p. 3. Ubid., p. 9.
December, 1961 25 88-92. * Horace Gregory, "Beckett's Dying Gladiators," Commonweal, LXV (October, 1956), * Beckett, Endgame, p. 1. "Editors, "Molten Gloom," Time, CXVIII (October, 1956), 118. " Beckett, Endgame, p. 10. Îbid., p. 11. Ûbid., p. 78. BIBLIOGRAPHY Barett, William, "Samuel Beckett's World in Waiting," pt. II, "The Works of Beckett Hold Clues to an Intriguing Riddle," Saturday Review, XL (June, 1957), 14-16. Beckett, Samuel, Endgame. New York: Grove Press Inc., 1958. , Molloy. Paris : The Olympia Press, 1955. , Malone Dies. New York : Grove Press, 1956. , Waiting for Godot. New York : Grove Press, 1954. Brien, Alan, "Waiting for Beckett," Spectator, CCI (November, 1958), 609. Briggs, Ray, "Samuel Beckett's World in Waiting," pt. I, "The Life of an Enigmatic New Idol of the Avant-Garde of Two Continents," Saturday Review, XL (June, 1957), 14-16. Driver, Tom P., "Out in Left Field," Christian Century, LXXV (March, 1958), 282. Friedman, Melvin J., "The Achievement of Samuel Beckett," Books Abroad, XXXIII (Summer, 1959), 278-81. Gold, Herbert, "Style and Desire," Nation, CLXXXIII (November, 1956), 397-399. Gregory, Horace, "Beckett's Dying Gladiators," Commonweal, LXV (October, 1956), 88-92. Hatch, Robert, "Review of Beckett's Endgame," Nation, CVXXXVI (February, 1958), 145-146. Hicks, Granville, "Beckett's World," Saturday Revieiv, XLI (October, 1956), 14. Mercier, Vivian, "Review of Murphy, Proust, Evergreen Review, V. I, No. 1," Commonweal, LXVI (May, 1957), 188-189. , "Beckett and the Search for Self," Neiv Republic, CXXXIII (September, 1955), 20-21. Paris, Jean, "The Clock Struck Twenty-Nine," Reporter, XV (October, 1956), 39-40. Rexroth, Kenneth, "The Point is Irrelevance," Nation, CLXXXII (April, 1956), 325-328. Worsley, T. C, "Private Worlds and Public," Nezv Statesman, LVI (November, 1958), 630. The Patriot and the Chauvinist THE Don Shellhamer Rhetoric 102, Theme 11 PATRIOT IS A LOVER OF HIS COUNTRY. HIS LOVE is a love governed by reason, and his actions are the offspring of wisdom. In his actions, the patriot does much for his country. He defends its ideals, protects its interests, upholds its laws, and encourages those actions which will bring to its government the greatest stability. The actions of the patriot are inherently slow and careful, and therefore rarely give evidence of a sudden or violent nature. Usually the patriot shows his love only to a limited extent. His love is like an iceberg—it shows only a
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Return this book on or before the L
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T,HE Green Caldron is published fou
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6 The Green Caldron TaU Girl Joan M
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8 Only Eight Seconds? Joseph E. Gud
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10 The Green Caldron Still come dir
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16 The Green Caldron A Vision Wolfg
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20 The Green Caldron through with c
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22 Where the City Ends Frederick R.
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24 The Green Caldron builder search
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28 The Green Caldron I. Books BIBLI
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f E Green Caldron A MAGAZINE OF FRE
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Family Life Is for Women and Childr
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December, 1957 3 the refusal to dou
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December, 1957 THIS TV's Exploitati
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December, 1957 7 Step Aside, Mr. Be
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December, 1957 .-. since they are u
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December, 1957 MAN It Doesn't Matte
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December, 1957 13 Study. When our n
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December, 1957 Win the War Against
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December, 1957 pends upon you. You
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December, 1957 19 MAN'S Sunburst at
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December, 1957 period in "Cully's"
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December, 1957 Sandburg's retiremen
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December, 1957 25 "Carl Sandburg, G
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December, 1957 EVERY The Old Man an
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December, 1957 THE What Price Law E
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Rhet as Writ but if it hadn't been
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Fhe Green Caldron A MAGAZINE OF FRE
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DEAR Dear Mr. Ford Lloyd L, Lehn Rh
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March, 1958 MAN Brave New World Rae
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March, 1958 What Happened to Christ
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March, 1958 MONEY America's Staunch
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March, 1958 THE Humanity versus the
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March, 1958 11 most devastating eff
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March, 1958 13 UP The Tower James H
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March, 1958 15 I Bloomington, India
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March, 1958 issippi, Alabama, Flori
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March, 1958 LAST Escape Andrew Sedl
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March, 1958 this system it would be
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March, 1958 23 I Nothing Phoney wit
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March, 1958 25 vention at Granville
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March, 1958 27 tained a copy of the
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March, 1958 29 The total offers of
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March, 195S printed a "confession"
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The Contributors Lloyd L. Lehn—Pr
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TJ- HE Green Caldron is published f
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2 The Green Caldron one instructor
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4 The Green Caldron UPON The Little
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8 The Green Caldron spontaneity), a
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10 The Green Caldron IT A Cup of Te
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12 The Green Caldron Throughout his
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14 The Green Caldron It is hard to
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16 The Green Caldron rich, and Napo
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Wmmmm';'im^ Fhe Green Caldron A MAG
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IN To the Class of 1958 Francis Bov
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October, 1958 THE Old John and Man
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October, 1958 5 "Sue?" The voice wa
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October, 1958 7 vent unscrupulous i
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October, 1958 9 of the very few boo
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October, 1958 : Humble Town Refuses
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October, 1958 Alice thinks back one
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October, 1958 The Decline and Fall
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October, 1958 21 sanction of public
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October, 1958 23 the wavering souls
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October, 1958 25 the early 1860's,
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October, 1958 It is plausible that
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The Contributors FrancM Bother*—-
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_Lhe Green Caldron is published fou
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2 THE A Look at Discrimination Will
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4 The Green Caldron cation, in part
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8 The Green Caldron wads it in one
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10 TJie Green Caldroji ing the diff
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14 The Green Caldron of evolution.
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20 The Green Caldron chances of fin
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22 The Green Caldron most forms of
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24 MOST The Triumvirate William D.
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Larry Schafer—Rushville William P
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8 THE Saints and Sinners Joel Kapla
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^^ ^ ^t ' ' ' -^Îf^C/t ^^ HE Green
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FOR Prejudice Mary Caroline Concur
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December, 1959 3 THERE Hate Lee For
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December, 1959 5 raises doubts in h
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December, 1959 7 Been a terrific po
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December, 1959 9 I'M THROUGH . Neve
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December, 1959 15 "whim." The disti
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December, 1959 17 Union News Bernad
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December, 1959 19 Rhet as Writ The
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THE WINNERS The following are the w
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iue, ^"- '-''^ Fhe Green Caldron A
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I The Most Significant Event in My
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March. 1960 3 The city awoke. The r
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March, 1960 5 what was it that coul
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March. 1960 7 to prevent its harm b
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March, 1960 viduals that the name "
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March, 1960 a slow stop, Cramps rel
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Marcli, 1960 13 this space, set in
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March, 1960 15 But the fire burned
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iJarch, 1960 discover, from the dip
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March, 1960 19 to stay out of the w
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mmmm^fn'X%y
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Scandal Michael Tepper Rhetoric 102
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April, 1960 3 quadrangle, the only
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April, 1960 5 Respect Kathleen E. O
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April, 1960 7 In all these escapade
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April, 1960 9 music I have heard. T
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April, 1960 15 \\F I Why Should Ame
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April, 1960 17 Ha . . Ha . . Ha . M
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April, 1960 19 Rhet as Writ You may
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AWARDS The follomng are the winners
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'.?.- [he Green Caldron A MAGAZINE
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Why We Need More Westerns THE on Te
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October, 1960 sovereign nations—I
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October, 1960 7 Is this Qiarity? Is
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October, 1960 vision that he begins
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October, 1960 13 BEING A Materialis
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October, 1960 SENTIMENTAL WRITING M
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October, 1960 19 influence over the
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October, 1960 improved the clarity
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October, 1960 23 and Co., Schott an
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The Contributors Mary Louise Borgmo
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m"'' [he Green Caldron A MAGAZINE O
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IN My Country, Right and Wrong Denn
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December, 1960 3 I even chuckled to
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December, 1960 S how Mrs. Mitty's m
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December, 1960 MANY The College Sla
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Decetnber, 1960 some small remainin
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December, 1960 The clear, almost bi
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December, 1960 13 abhorrence to him
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December, 1960 15 A Proposal to Eli
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December, 1960 17 run-down homes. S
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December, 1960 Rhet as Writ If I ca
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The Winners The following were sele
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IN 5632 on a Fantrip Anthony Bxirba
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March, 1961 3 Communication Equals
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March, 1961 5 TODAY Political Speak
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March, 1961 1 Testament of Beauty M
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March, 1961 attained what we have c
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March, 1961 U The Color of Red Mark
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March, 1961 13 but, says Plato, it
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March, 1961 IS The Invisible World
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March, 1961 17 The Fellows are awar
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March, 1961 19 But even if all poli
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March. 1961 21 BIBLIOGRAPHY Benet,
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March, 1961 23 Rhet as Writ Bourbon
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Page 403 and 404: The Drag Race Jacqueline Vavra Rhet
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Page 423 and 424: December, 1961 21 The main dialogue
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Page 431 and 432: The Winners The following are the w
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Page 435 and 436: THE ! The Unseen Paradox Diane Beda
Page 437 and 438: Alarch, 1962 3 garden and watched G
Page 439 and 440: March, 1962 The Inner Path Barbara
Page 441 and 442: March, 1962 7 I have looked upon th
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Page 445 and 446: March, 1962 11 of art which remaine
Page 447 and 448: March, 1962 13 Canning Salmon Glenn
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Page 457 and 458: March, 1962 23 This is what I gathe
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Page 463 and 464: THERE YOU ARE. . In Your Hands Elai
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May, 1962 15 to end where they star
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May, 1962 17 Immediately I took cha
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May, 1962 19 membership in the clan
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May, 1962 21 twelve-inch boiler, wi
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May, 1962 23 Rhet as Writ Movie Hou
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The Winners The following are the w
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0^:îy4M m UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-U
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