Babacan, Hasan, ‘Enver Paşa’, Türkler (Cilt 13), (Ankara: Yeni Türkiye Yayınları, 2002), pp. 263-273 Bayur, Yusuf Hikmet, Türk İnkılabı Tarihi (Cilt: 2 Kısım:4), (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1983) Bayur, Yusuf Hikmet, Türk İnkılabı Tarihi (Cilt: 3 Kısım:1), (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1983) Benson, E. F., Crescent and Iron Cross, (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1918) Boğuşlu, Mahmut, Birinci Dünya Harbi’nde Türk Savaşları, İstanbul: Kastaş Yayınları, 1990) Cavid Bey, Şiar’ın Defteri, (İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 1995) Cemal Paşa, Hatıralar: İttihat ve Terakki, I. Dünya Savaşı Anıları ed. By Behçet Cemal, (İstanbul: Çağdaş Yayınları, 1977) Corrigan, H. S. W., ‘German-Turkish Relations and <strong>the</strong> Outbreak <strong>of</strong> War in 1914: Re-Assessment’, Past and Present, Vol. 0, Issue 36 (April, 1967), pp. 144-152 Çetinkaya, Sevgi, ‘Osmanlı Devletinin 1. Dünya Savaşına Girişi’, unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, İstanbul <strong>University</strong>, (1995) Earle, Edward Mead, Turkey, The Great Powers, and The Baghdad Railway: A Study in Imperialism, (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1923) Eraslan, Cezmi, ‘I. Dünya Savaşı ve Türkiye’, Türkler (Cilt 13), (Ankara: Yeni Türkiye Yayınları, 2002), pp.339-360 Erickson, Edward J., Ordered To Die: A History <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ottoman Army in <strong>the</strong> First World War, (Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2001) Fischer, Fritz, ‘World Policy, World Power and German War Aims’, in The Origins <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> First World War: Great Power Rivalry and German War Aims, ed. by Koch, H. W. (London: Macmillan Education Ltd., 1984) Fischer, Fritz, World Power or Decline: The Controversy over Germany’s Aims in <strong>the</strong> First World War, (New York: W. W. Norton, 1965) Gencer, Mustafa, ‘Osmanlı-Alman Münasebetleri Çerçevesinde Şark Meselesi’, Türkler (Cilt 13), (Ankara: Yeni Türkiye Yayınları, 2002), pp. 34-39 Gottlieb, W. W., Studies in Secret Diplomacy (During <strong>the</strong> First World War), (London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1957) Görgülü, İsmet, On Yıllık Harbin Kadrosu (1912-1922): Balkan- Birinci Dünya ve İstiklal Harbi, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, Ankara: 1993 131
Halil Menteşe, Osmanlı Mebusan Meclisi Reisi Halil Menteşe’nin Anıları, (İstanbul: Hürriyet Vakfı Yayınları, 1986) Heyman, Neil M., World War I (London: Greenwood Press, 1997) Jackh, Ernest, The Rising Crescent: Turkey Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, (New York: Farrar& Rinehar, Inc., 1944) Karabekir, Kazım, Birinci Cihan Harbi’ne Neden Girdik? (I. Cilt), (İstanbul: Emre Yayınları, 1994) Karabekir, Kazım, Birinci Cihan Harbi’ne Neden Girdik? (II. Cilt), (İstanbul: Emre Yayınları, 1994) Karabekir, Kazım, Tarih Boyunca Türk-Alman İlişkileri, (İstanbul: Emre Yayınları, 2001) Karabekir, Kazım, Tarihte Almanlar ve Alman Ordusu, (İstanbul: Emre Yayınları, 2001) Karal, Enver Ziya, Osmanlı Tarihi VIII. Cilt, Birinci Meşrutiyet ve İstibdat Devirleri (1876-1907), (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1999) Karal, Enver Ziya, Osmanlı Tarihi IX. Cilt, İkinci Meşrutiyet ve Birinci Dünya Savaşı (1908-1918), (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1999) Kocabaş, Süleyman, Pancermenizm’in Şarka Doğru Politikası: Tarihte Türkler ve Almanlar (İstanbul: Vatan Yayınları, 1988) Kuneralp, Sinan, Son Dönem Osmanlı Erkan ve Ricali (1839-1922), (İstanbul: İsis Yayınları, 1999) Kurat, Akdes Nimet, Birinci Dünya Savaşı Sırasında Türkiye’de Bulunan Alman Generallerinin Raporları, (Ankara: Türk Kültürünü Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, 1966) Lewis, Bernard, The Emergence <strong>of</strong> Modern Turkey, (New York: Oxford <strong>University</strong> Press, 2002) Lowry, Heath W., Büyükelçi Morgenthau’nun Öyküsünün Perde Arkası, (İstanbul: İsis Yayınları, 1991) Mahmud Muhtar, Maziye Bir Nazar: Berlin Antlaşması’ndan Harb-i Umumiye Kadar Avrupa ve Türkiye-Almanya Münasebetleri, (İstanbul: Ötüken Yayınları, 1999) Morgenthau, Henry, Ambassador Morgenthau’s Story, (New York: Doubleday, Page& Company, 1918) 132
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THE BEGINNINGS OF OTTOMAN-GERMAN PA
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I certify that I have read this the
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ÖZET Bu tez Birinci Dünya Savaş
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT iii ÖZE
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BOA, HR, SYS:
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have tried to follow a chronologica
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Affairs (Hariciye Nezareti), Minist
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Prussia. 3 Ottoman ambassadors like
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officers to train and command. This
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Until Bismarck, Prussia did not dea
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integrity and gave Russia a dominan
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Empire ideologically suitable for f
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well as aide-de-camp (yaver-i ekrem
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connections with the important figu
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Kaiser Wilhelm II’s accession to
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While Wilhelm II’s Germany was pu
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In 1893, the Germans completed the
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Germany in Ottoman debt increased f
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Ottoman control, each attempting to
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The students of schools like the Ci
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egime. Whether Abdulhamid prolonged
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August 5, 1908 while his bitter riv
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into key positions there. From now
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grand vizier. This caused the inner
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war. However, Russia could not supp
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C. Ottoman-German Relations During
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In order to reorganize the Ottoman
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Von der Goltz stayed in Turkey for
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compensating the kilometer guarante
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East. 97 The Ottomans felt alone in
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architect of the establishment of G
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leaving all the previous ministers
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The defeat in the Balkans had, inde
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who were connected with the CUP wer
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new losses on the Ottomans at the s
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to be headed for a major war. The C
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appointments to the senior military
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dividing the same provinces into sp
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likening his military mission to do
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Baghdad railroad had two unfinished
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CHAPTER FOUR: FROM THE ALLIANCE TRE
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present, Turkey can only be advised
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Since the Ottoman Empire had been r
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2. If Russia should intervene with
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