the beginnings of ottoman-german partnership - Bilkent University

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aim. The new government headed by Said Paşa gained a vote of confidence, but he resigned, as he did not trust the parliament. 64 A new cabinet was formed after Mahmud Şevket Paşa resigned from his office. The new cabinet, known as the Great Cabinet 65 , headed by Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Paşa, denounced the interference of the army officers in politics and saw the CUP as responsible for the political chaos in the Empire. In order to suppress CUP’s influence in the parliament, the cabinet dissolved the CUP-dominated parliament by adjourning, in agreement with the anti-CUP leaders in the army, the Saviour Officers (Halaskar Zabitan). 66 They lifted the martial law put into force during the counter- revolution of April 1909 and began to persecute the leading CUP members. At the end of October 1912, Kamil Paşa became the new grand vizier. He was glad to continue the ousting of the Unionists, but the beginning of the Balkan Wars rendered his government weak and incompetent. When the government accepted the Great Powers’ proposal of handing over Edirne after the disastrous defeats of the Ottoman Army by the Balkan states, the insecure CUP leaders found their justification to grasp power and took action. They organized a coup d’etat 67 by marching to the Porte, killing the War Minister Nazım Paşa, and forcing Kamil Paşa to resign. The CUP formed a new cabinet with Mahmud Şevket Paşa as its grand vizier and War Minister. Soon after, a supporter of the Hürriyet ve İtilaf shot the 64 Lewis, pp. 222-223. 65 It was called “Büyük Kabine” in Turkish because of the veteran bureaucrats who had an understanding and formed the cabinet. 66 Lewis, p. 223 “Their objective was to remove an illegal government and parliament, to break the power of the CUP, to hold new and free elections, and to return to constitutional legality. Like all opposition parties of the Young Turk period, this group of military conspirators demanded the withdrawal of the army from politics. The army would of course have to mend what the army had marred; after that it could return to its proper task of defending the Empire, leaving its government to the politicians and officials. Faithful to this principle, the group accepted no civilian recruits, allowed its numbers to accept no governmental appointments.” 67 Known in Turkish as “Babıali Ayaklanması”. 37
grand vizier. This caused the inner circle of the CUP to tighten control over Ottoman politics. 38
Page 1 and 2: THE BEGINNINGS OF OTTOMAN-GERMAN PA
Page 3 and 4: I certify that I have read this the
Page 5 and 6: ÖZET Bu tez Birinci Dünya Savaş
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT iii ÖZE
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BOA, HR, SYS:
Page 11 and 12: have tried to follow a chronologica
Page 13 and 14: Affairs (Hariciye Nezareti), Minist
Page 15 and 16: Prussia. 3 Ottoman ambassadors like
Page 17 and 18: officers to train and command. This
Page 19 and 20: Until Bismarck, Prussia did not dea
Page 21 and 22: integrity and gave Russia a dominan
Page 23 and 24: Empire ideologically suitable for f
Page 25 and 26: well as aide-de-camp (yaver-i ekrem
Page 27 and 28: connections with the important figu
Page 29 and 30: Kaiser Wilhelm II’s accession to
Page 31 and 32: While Wilhelm II’s Germany was pu
Page 33 and 34: In 1893, the Germans completed the
Page 35 and 36: Germany in Ottoman debt increased f
Page 37 and 38: Ottoman control, each attempting to
Page 39 and 40: The students of schools like the Ci
Page 41 and 42: egime. Whether Abdulhamid prolonged
Page 43 and 44: August 5, 1908 while his bitter riv
Page 45: into key positions there. From now
Page 49 and 50: war. However, Russia could not supp
Page 51 and 52: C. Ottoman-German Relations During
Page 53 and 54: In order to reorganize the Ottoman
Page 55 and 56: Von der Goltz stayed in Turkey for
Page 57 and 58: compensating the kilometer guarante
Page 59 and 60: East. 97 The Ottomans felt alone in
Page 61 and 62: architect of the establishment of G
Page 63 and 64: leaving all the previous ministers
Page 65 and 66: The defeat in the Balkans had, inde
Page 67 and 68: who were connected with the CUP wer
Page 69 and 70: new losses on the Ottomans at the s
Page 71 and 72: to be headed for a major war. The C
Page 73 and 74: appointments to the senior military
Page 75 and 76: dividing the same provinces into sp
Page 77 and 78: likening his military mission to do
Page 79 and 80: Baghdad railroad had two unfinished
Page 81 and 82: CHAPTER FOUR: FROM THE ALLIANCE TRE
Page 83 and 84: present, Turkey can only be advised
Page 85 and 86: Since the Ottoman Empire had been r
Page 87 and 88: 2. If Russia should intervene with
Page 89 and 90: The treaty had various problems, ev
Page 91 and 92: alliance as the only means of assur
Page 93 and 94: accepted by Berlin”. He argues th
Page 95 and 96: B. German-Ottoman War Aims and the
Page 97 and 98:
y Germany were achieved, the Empire
Page 99 and 100:
October 1, 1914. 234 The German and
Page 101 and 102:
against the war. In the meantime, i
Page 103 and 104:
directing Souchon to disregard the
Page 105 and 106:
Britain and Russia, all of which we
Page 107 and 108:
potential enemy. Bismarck had manag
Page 109 and 110:
eformed by the Germans during the l
Page 111 and 112:
compartmentalization of awareness d
Page 113 and 114:
against Russia, culminated in Ottom
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Almanya’ya i’zam olunacak Osman
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Appendix III İTTİFAK MUAHEDESİ 1
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ATASE, Dosya: 73, Klasör: 1646, Fi
Page 121 and 122:
Appendix V Başkomutan Vekili ve Tu
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29 TEŞRİNİEVVEL 1330 (11 KASIM 1
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D: 3 C: 1 İ. S.: 2 Appendix VII Me
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File0003.JPG (JPEG Image, 1269x1731
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File0001.jpg (JPEG Image, 1269x1731
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1.Primary Sources BIBLIOGRAPHY: Gen
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Halil Menteşe, Osmanlı Mebusan Me
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Soy, Bayram, ‘II. Wilhelm, Weltpo
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