extended abstracts - Geomorphic Processes and Geoarchaeology

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Geomorphic processes and geoarchaeology with nearly same archaeological materials of the younger Dryas age was discovered on the left bank of the ravine. Recurrence occupation of one site is manifested by materials of multilayer sites of Siberia. Dwellings of different periods divided by sterile intercalations are arranged regularly one above another. Such position is explained by theirs seasonal character. During the period of spring floods peoples left the site, but after it, in summer, the population returned to the places and the basic structure of the sites was restored. Grant RFBR: 11-06-12007- ofi-m. References 1. Fiedorczuk, J., Schild R. 1999. Wilczyce – a new late Magdalenian site in Poland. In: Recent studies in the Final Palaeolithic of the European plain. (Eds.) B.V. Eriksen, B. Bratlund. Proceedigs of a U.I.S.P.P. Symposium, Stockholm, 14 -17 October 1999, P. 91-100. 2. Sinitsyna, G.V. 2008. Settlement of the Valday Highland at the Pleistocene- Holoctnt Boundary. In: Way to North: Paleoenvironment and Earliest Inhabitants of Arctic and Subarctic. Moscow, P. 161-172 (in Russian). 3. Tsetlin, S.M. 1979. Geology of the Palaeolithic of Northern Asia. Moscow, Nauka, 286 p. (in Russian). 4. Andersen, S.A. 1988. Survey of the late Paleolithic of Denmark and Southern Sweden. In: De la Loire а l’Oder. Les civilisations du Paléolithique final dans le nordouest européen. (Ed.) M. Otte. Actes du Colloque de Liège, 1985 vol. II. British Archaeological Reports, International Series, 444(II). Oxford, P. 523-566. RECORDS OF HUMAN ACTIVITY REFLECTED IN RIVER SEDIMENTS IN THE CARPATHIANS AND THEIR FORELAND Starkel L. 1 , Gębica P. 2 , Krąpiec M. 3 1 Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Science, ul. Św. Jana 22,31-018 Kraków, Poland, starkel@zg.pan.krakow.pl 2 University of Information Technology and Management, Department of Geography, ul. Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland, piotr gebica@wp.pl 3 Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environment Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland, mkrapiec@geol.agh.edu.pl Records of human activity in valleys of the Carpathians and their foreland date back to the Neolithic and embrace alluvia and deluvia in small valleys, connected with local heavy rains as well as changes in large valleys, reflecting floods marked by modifications of river channels and accelerated deposition of overbank facies. Among these periods are phases determined by climate as well as human activity and phases recording coincidence of both factors. The oldest sites recording human impact have been identified in the Vistula river valley downstream of Kraków and dated at 6200 BP [1]. Aggradation of the overbank facies in the Late Neolithic is evidenced by coarse grained flood inserts with organic material, dated at 4400-4000 BP in small valleys of the Carpathian margin and 263
Geomorphic processes and geoarchaeology development of peat-bogs in depressions [2]. Younger phase of fluvial deposition falls on the period 3300-3100 BP [3, 4]. The Roman Period in southern Poland (1-3 rd centuries AD) was a time of enhanced human activity and flood deposition, which is proved by subfossil stumps and tree trunks processed by man in the channel alluvia of the Vistula [5] and the San [6] river valleys, as well as fans of small valleys in the Carpathian margin [2]. In the Migration Period (5-6 th centuries) regression of agriculture, reforestation and simultaneous increase in frequency of floods (growth of precipitation) is observed [7, 8]. This phase is recorded by agglomeration of tree trunks in the channel alluvia of the Vistula [5], Wisłoka [9] and the San [6] river valleys. This time is also represented by insert of the alluvia within the Strvyaž terrace in Ukrainian Carpathian foreland [10]. The 8-10 th centuries are attributed by the colonisation of river valley bottoms, the earliest in the Morava river valley [11]. Correlation of sequences of fluvial, slope and peat-bog sediments in the Carpathian river valleys indicates that in the 10-12 th centuries expansion of human settlements took place in the catchment of the Upper Vistula river. In the Wisłoka river valley migration of meandering channels started about 965 ± 75 BP (940-1240 cal AD) [12]. Similar dates: 925 ± 30 BP (1030-1180 cal AD) and 1080 ± 30 BP (890-1020 cal AD) were obtained from subfossil tree trunks in the Wislok valley [13]. The progressing deforestation in the 10-12 th centuries is evidenced by palynological analyses of overbank sediments of the Wisłoka river valley dated at 1040 ± 95 BP [12], as well as peat-bogs and organic sediments overlain by overbank sediments in the Upper Dniester Basin [14]. Record of the Early Medieval floods is reflected in the Dniester river valley, in its Carpathian outlet, by insert of 2-4 m gravel terrace [15]. The tree felling, overbank deposition and displacements of river channel in the Vistula river valley indicate frequent floods in the period 900-1150 AD [12, 7, 3]. In the same time, in the Beskid Śląski Mts. foothill, aggradation of the Upper Vistula alluvial fan began [16]. Simultaneous aggradation in the Lower Strvyaž river valley [10]. Coincided with increase in precipitation and cooling in the first half of 11 th century. Covering of peat-bogs by overbank sediments, dated at 620 ± 110 BP (1160-1490 cal AD) and 650 ± 75 BP (1220-1430 cal AD) in the Upper and Middle Dniester valley [15] indicates increase in frequency and violence of floods in 14-15 th centuries, which could have been connected with deforestation and increasing precipitation [17]. It is correlated with dated by dendrochronological method sequence of tree trunks fallen or cut during the floods in the 14 th century in Starunia in the Velyky Lukavets river valley in the Ukrainian Carpathians [18]. The phase of floods in the 14-15 th centuries is confirmed also by tree trunks dated at 650 ± 40 BP and 660 ± 45 BP (1270-1400 cal. AD) buried in alluvia of the Michydra and Moldova rivers (tributaries of Siret) in Bukovyna region [15, 19]. Similarly, single tree trunks from the 14-15 th centuries were found in the Vistula [5, 7] and the San [15] river valleys. In the 15-16 th century agriculture stretched on upland and mountainous areas. Deforested terrain was exposed to soil erosion. Colonisation of the San catchment area in the Bieszczady Mts. in the transition of the 15-16 th centuries, was directly reflected by soil erosion and deposition of flood sediments, both in small valleys (460 ± 50 BP) [20], and in the San river valley [20, 21]. The scale of flow oscillation and rate of overbank 264
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