extended abstracts - Geomorphic Processes and Geoarchaeology

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Geomorphic processes and geoarchaeology Nile drainage basin that is responsible at present for 70 % of the annual runoff in the Lower Nile. A progressive shifting of the climate towards drier conditions has been recognized not only in eastern Africa but also in tropical areas as well as in eastern and central Mediterranean, including Anatolia [12]. In southern Italy there was a distinct forest clearance, starting already about 4500 BP that has been interpreted lately as the effect of aridification [13]. In central Mediterranean drier conditions were distinguished for the interval 4100-3950 cal. yrs BP, preceded and followed by wetter phases [14, 15]. In a global scale, there are distinct links of similar climatic changes between eastern Mediterranean and the Indian Monsoon systems [16]. The aridification resulted in a decline of the Harappa in India and the Akkadian society in Mesopotamia. In the North Atlantic region [17] there was a synchronous cooling (1-2° C), connected with changing water circulation and with deposition of ice-rafted debris (Bond Event 3) [18]. Such world-wide and synchronous occurrence of climate changes around 4100 BP suggests that they could depend on transformation of the global oceanic thermohaline circulation. References 1. Stanley, J.D., Krom, M.D., Cliff, R.A., Woodward, J. 2003. Short Contribution: Nile Failure at the End of the Old Kingdom, Egypt: Strontium Isotopic and Petrologic Evidence. Geoarchaeology: An International Journal, Vol. 18, No. 3, P. 395-402. 2. Hassan, F.A. 2007. Droughts, Famine and the Collapse of the Old Kingdom: Re-Reading Ipuwer, in: The Archaeology and Art of Ancient Egypt. Essays in Honor of David B. O’Connor. Vol. I, P. 357–377. 3. Bell, B. 1970. The oldest records of the Nile Floods. Geographical Journal, Vol. 136, P. 569-73. 4. Butzer, K.W. 1976. Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt. A Study in Cultural Ecology. Chicago and London, P. 29ff. 5. Hassan, F.A. 1997. Nile floods and political disorder in early Egypt, in: Dalfes H.N., Kukla G. and Weiss H. (Eds.). Third Millennium BC Climate Change and Old World Collapse. NATO ASI Series, Vol. I, 49, Berlin Heidelberg, P. 711-723. 6. Myśliwiec, K., Kuraszkiewicz, K., Czerwik, D., Godziejewski, Z., Kaczmarek, M., Kowalska, A., Radomska, M., Rzeuska, T. 2010. The Tomb of Merefnebef. Saqqara I. Warsaw, P. 39-46. 7. Trzciński, J., Kuraszkiewicz, K.O., Welc, F. 2010. Preliminary Report on Geoarchaeological Researches in West Saqqara. Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, Vol. 19, Reports 2007, P. 194-208. 8. Mysliwiec, K., Welc, F., Trzciński, J. 2012. Geoarcheological and paleoclimatic research by the Polish mission in Saqqara (Egypt), an updated overview, Études et Travaux. Vol. 25 (In print). 9. Welc, F. 2010. Saqqara. Exploration of an Archaic (?) Funerary Structure in Sector 2002. Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, Vol. 17, Reports 2005, P. 181. 10. Welc, F. 2011. The Third Dynasty Open Quarry West of the Netjerykhet Pyramid Complex (Saqqara). Études et Travaux, Vol. 24, P. 303. 11. Bard, K. A., Coltorti, M., DiBlasi, M. C., Dramis, F., Fattovich, R. 2000. The Environmental history of Tigray (Northern Ethiopia) in the Middle and Late Holocene: a preliminary outline. African Archaeological Review, Vol. 17, No. 2, P. 65-86. 12. Berakhi, O., Brancaccio, L., Calderoni, G., Coltorti, M., Dramis, F., Umer, M.M. 1998. The Mai Maikden sedimentary sequence: a reference point for the 287
Geomorphic processes and geoarchaeology environmental evolution of the Highlands of Northern Ethiopia. Geomorphology, Vol. 23, P. 127-138. 13. Sadori, L., Zanchetta, G., Giardini, M. 2008. Last glacial to Holocene palaeoenvironmental evolution at lago di Pergusa (Sicily, southern Italy) as inferred by pollen, microcharcoal and stable isotopes. Quaternary International, Vol. 181, P. 4-14. 14. Giraudi, C., Magny, M., Zanchetta, G., Drysdale, R.N. 2011. The Holocene climatic evolution of Mediterranean Italy: a review of the continental data. The Holocene, Vol. 21, No. 1, P. 105-115. 15. Magny, M., Vanniére, B., Zanchetta, G., Fouache, E., Touchais, G., Petrika, L., Coussot, C., Walter-Simonnet, A.V., Arnaud, F. 2009. Possible complexity of the climatic event around 4300-3800 cal. BP in the central and western Mediterranean. The Holocene, Vol. 19, No. 6, P. 823-833. 16. Jones, M.D., Roberts, C.N. 2008. Interpreting lake isotope records of Holocene environmental change in the Eastern Mediterranean. Quaternary International, Vol. 181, P. 32-38. 17. Vanniére, B., Power, M. J., Roberts, N., Tinner, W., Carrión, J., Magny, M., Bartlein, P., Colombaroli, D., Daniau, A.L., Finsinger, W., Gil-Romera, G., Kaltenrieder, P., Pini, R., Sadori, L., Turner, R., Valsecchi, V., Vescovi, E. 2011. Circum Mediterranean fire activity and climate changes during mid-Holocene environmental transition (8500- 2500 cal. BP). The Holocene, Vol. 21, No. 1, P. 53-73. 18. Mercuri, A.M., Sadori, L., Ollero, P.U. 2011. Mediterranean and north-African cultural adaptations to mid-Holocene environmental and climatic changes. The Holocene, Vol. 21, No. 1, P. 189-206. TOPOGRAPHY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS AND PREDICTIVE CAPABILITY OF THEIR DETECTING (BY EXAMPLE OF THE TERRITORY OF SURGUT PRIOB’YE TAIGA ZONE IN WEST SIBERIA) Zaiceva E.A. Autonomous institution of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra «Center for Cultural Heritage Conservation», Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia, zaiceva-e@yandex.ru Topographical characteristics of archaeological monuments come to be important source in the study of interaction between man and nature in past history, both in general and within individual territories. If the natural environment influenced ancient people’s choice of place of residence and farming, the traces of this activity should be reflected in the placement of monuments. Systematization of data on the location of archaeological sites can help to reconstruct the overall picture of the ancient settlements. Besides the scientific significance, mapping of the archaeological monuments and analysis of their topographic association may be important in terms of solving practical problems related to the protection of archaeological heritage. Under the conditions of intensive economic activity, when the industrial development of land is much faster than its archaeological survey, understanding the laws of archeological sites’ location can become the basis for prognosis-evaluative mapping. At the present stage, the lack of traditional methods of archeological sites’ identification and protection is obvious, especially in the inaccessibility of the northern territories. In domestic archaeology, examples of such modern techniques as aerial 288
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