extended abstracts - Geomorphic Processes and Geoarchaeology

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Geomorphic processes and geoarchaeology A special place in the structure of tourism in the Smolensk region for the next 5 years will be taken by even-based, agricultural, hunting, fishing, ecological and geotourism and pilgrimage. They will be actively developing apart from the traditional cultural and educational types of tourism. However, there is an urgent need for the promotion of the tourist product. References 1. Gusev, A.I. 2009. Geoturizm na Altae. Biysk, 204 p. (in Russian). 2. Priroda Smolenskoy oblasti. 2001. (Ed.) B.A. Shkalikova. Smolensk, 424 p. (in Russian). 3. www.smol.admin.ru 4. www.poozerie.ru 5. www.ug.ru/arhive/3878 HUMAN IMPACT ON LANDSCAPE DYNAMICS IN THE STEPPE ENVIRONS OF THE DON DELTA (SOUTHERN RUSSIA) Schöffel M. 1 , van Hoof L. 2 , Schütt B. 3 , Dally O. 4 1 Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Geographical Sciences, Germany, marlen.schloeffel@fu-berlin.de 2 German Archaeological Institute, Eurasia Department, Germany, leon.van.hoof@topoi.org 3 Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Geographical Sciences, Germany, brigitta.schuett@fu-berlin.de 4 German Archaeological Institute, Germany, od@dainst.de It is generally accepted that environmental changes, primarily related to oscillations of climate aridity, are a driving factor for prehistoric living in the steppe. However, the effect of human activities on the landscape has not yet been sufficiently examined. On the Sambek, a small steppe river in the Don Delta’s ecological sensitive hinterland, we investigate the human footprint on the development of a typical steppe landscape north of the Azov Sea (fig. 1). Prehistoric settlement sites and burial grounds provide evidence for land use within the Sambek catchment since the Palaeolithic. Erosional channels (up to 10 m depth), intensive slope wash and landslides are possibly related to human activity. To identify the human impact sediment cores were retrieved from the floodplain, the alluvial fans and inside settlement sites. The sediments are processed concerning their geochronological, geochemical and physical characteristics. Geomorphological mapping and archaeological data support the analyses. The stratigraphy of two alluvial fans at the mouthes of a deep gully and a dry valley shows alternating layers of fine grained and stony colluvium up to 3 m below the surface. The sediments’ characteristics and dating imply several erosional events since the beginning of the fan development before 6000 BP (Eneolithic, 4500-3400 BC). Strong erosion is detected for the last 2200 years, corresponding to the main settlement phases: the Sarmatian period (200 BC – 400 AD), the Middle Ages (700-1400 AD) and the Russian Colonization (1790-1950). However, the cultural periods of the Bronze Age (3400-1000 BC) are hardly represented in the sediment’s stratigraphy and chronology. 231
Geomorphic processes and geoarchaeology Figure 1. Overview of the Sambek study area (DEM based on the topographic map 1 : 50000) THE IMPACT OF LANDSCAPE TRANSFORMATION ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF POLITICAL CENTRES AT THE LOWER ELBE RIVER IN THE 10 TH C. AD Schneeweiss J. University of Göttingen, Department of Pre- and Protohistory, Germany, jschnee@gwdg.de In the 9 th c. AD main parts of the lower Elbe river coincided with the north-eastern frontier of the Carolingian Empire fig. 1). But shortly after the death of Charlemagne in 814 some of the frontier trade posts and Carolingian strongholds were abandoned. It was not later than the middle of the 9 th c. that Slavonic population crossed the river and started to build settlements and strongholds on its left bank [1]. The Höhbeck-region is special because of its topographical significance for the passage of the river. The Höhbeck, a glacial island-like elevation in the middle of the vast river valley, gave this region at the same time a strategic importance. This is reflected in an unusually high density of strongholds and hillforts in this area (fig. 2). While a Carolingian hillfort on top of the Höhbeck has remained abandoned since the middle of the 9 th c., in Meetschow a Slavic stronghold was built at exactly the same place, where the Carolingian border trade post Schezla had been before [3]. Although the political situation changed, the topographical and strategic importance of its position obviously remained unaffected. All together there were three Slavonic strongholds around the Höhbeck in the beginning of the 10 th c. AD (fig. 2). Meetschow seems to be the most important of them, probably because of its position. When the Saxons defeated the Slavs in the well known battle of 929 AD all three strongholds suffered. But while two of them – Elbholz and Lenzen-Neuehaus – were finally destroyed, as archaeological evidence shows, the Meetschow stronghold was used further by the new sovereigns. In the middle of the 10 th c. AD a new stronghold in Lenzen was built on the right bank of the Elbe river. At the same time there were building activities in Meetschow, too. Both strongholds can be interpreted as bridgeheads for the passage of the river at that time. 232
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