extended abstracts - Geomorphic Processes and Geoarchaeology

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Geomorphic processes and geoarchaeology In K14 as well as in the other sites of Kostenki group the most rich archaeological levels coinside with paleosols. It means that on the local scale the occupation by modern humans coincided with the intervals of higher landsurface stability, marked by paleopedogenesis. Figure 4. Magnetic susceptibility distribution in Kostenki 14 References 1. Sinitsyn, A.A. 2010. The Early Upper Palaeolithic of Kostenki: chronology, taxonomy, and cultural affiliation. In: New aspects of the Central and Eastern European Upper Palaeolithic – methods, chronology, technology and subsistence (eds. Ch.Neugebauer-Maresch, L.R.Owen). Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-historische Klasse. Mitteilungen der Prähistorischen Komission, Band 72. Wien, P. 27-48. 2. Velichko, A.A., Pisareva, V.V., Sedov, S., Sinitsyn, A.A., Timireva, S.N. 2009. Paleogeography of Kostenki-14 (Markina Gora). Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, Vol. 37, No. 4, P. 35-50. 3. Sedov, S.N., Khoklova, O. S., Sinitsyn, A., Korkka, M.A., Rusakov, A.V., Ortega, B., Solleiro, E., Rozanova, M.S., Kuznetsova, A.M., Kazdym, A.A. 2010. Late Pleistocene Paleosol Sequences as an Instrument for the Local Paleographic Reconstruction of the Kostenki 14 Key Section (Voronezh Oblast) as an Example. Eurasian Soil Science, Vol. 43, No. 8, P. 876-892. 243
Geomorphic processes and geoarchaeology SPATIAL MODELING OF SEISMIC-INDUCED DEFORMATIONS OF THE POR-BAJIN FORTRESS (VIII C. AD), SOUTHERN SIBERIA Selezneva E.V., Panin A.V. Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, seevgenia@gmail.com, a.v.panin@yandex.ru Por-Bajin Fortress is a dilapidated archaeological 220*160-m rectangular monument made of lacustrine clay and located on a small 6-ha island in the Terekhol Lake. There is permafrost in the island some 15-20 m thick. Present-day topography of the island and walls of the fortress are significantly deformed (up to 5-6 m in amplitude). Deformations were triggered by several strong earthquakes in the last millennium whose impact was detected by geological and geomorphic markers. This research is aimed at quantitative estimation of deformation amplitudes and reconstruction of ancient topography of the island which existed at the time of the fortress construction (about AD 750). We used spatial modeling in GIS to separate present-day surface and estimate postconstruction vertical displacements. Methods were based on deformations of the fortress walls and topography of buried pre-construction soil studied in the field. To model seismic-induced deformations we used terrestrial laser scanning DEM with a 30-cm resolution for the whole island, results of field coring, geodesy survey and assumption that wall crests initially were at the same horizontal level. This statement based on a technique of the fortress construction (ancient Chinese KhanTo technology) which implies impaction and leveling of subsequent layers of wet clay. Present variations of walls tops were found to result from several sources: (1) areal subsidence of the island surface extending over large portions of the island; (2) local subsidence located under heavy outer walls only; both local and area are caused by seismic shocks; (3) gravitational collapses of wall top either induced by seismic shocks or resulted from other reasons. Corrections for top collapses were determined from volumes of collapsed masses in 6 trenches. Local subsidence were estimated in trenches and interpolated in a digital model (fig. 2). The range of value of local subsidence – up to 2 meters. Maximum of deformations under south and east walls. Areal subsidence of the island surface estimated as deviations from the horizontal level along wall crests of the fortress on DSM-profiles minus local deformations (fig. 1). Values of areal subsidence were determined along all outer and inner walls and interpolated into regular grid to make a digital model of the island deformations. The range of value of areal subsidence – up to 7 meters. Maximum of deformations is in the NW corner and east part of the fortress area. Surface of the island is buried under the fortress construction and its derivatives. Data from over 100 cores was used to make DEM of the soil surface as a present-day natural topography surface (fig. 3). To reconstruct initial (paleotopography) topography of the island before fortress was built DEM of the present-day natural topography was summed with the deformation models. The final result that initial topography of the island was low-relief, more flat than nowadays and more appropriate to fortress construction (fig. 4). The results obtained contribute to the RFBR Project 09-05-00351. 244
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A Figure B 2. 3. Zwięczyca Lithic
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Ghahroudi Tali M. 13, 102 Giligny F
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Volokitin A.V. 281 Voronin K.V. 76
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