extended abstracts - Geomorphic Processes and Geoarchaeology

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Geomorphic processes and geoarchaeology In the Holocene, this terrace surface stayed mostly above inundation levels except for few period of extremely high floods – probably, the end of BO and the turn of SB and SA. The latter period of flooding is indicated by composition of the top of terrace alluvium. The upper part of terrace sediments is included into the Holocene chernozem soil. Within this soil, fragments of pottery dated to Early Iron Age were found at depths of 11 and 23-24 cm. Along with higher sand content, it makes an evidence of increased flood levels and resumption of sedimentation between 2-3 ka BP. The produced geomorphic reconstruction reveals the phase of river incision in the end of the Late Pleistocene. Incision began in the end of the Mid-Valdai (Mid-Vistulian, MIS-2) epoch between 50 ka BP (Terrace T1a) and 35 ka BP (Terrace T0b) and was completed by the beginning of the Late Valdai (Late Vistulisn, MIS-2) epoch. During 28- 20 ka BP (cal) the river channel stayed 3-4 m below the modern river. This made it possible for humans to occupy low topographic positions which are subject to flooding at present. Another factor favorable for valley bottom occupation by humans was probably low height of river floods during LGM. It may be deduced from cryoarid conditions of this time indicated by intensive aeolian reworking of terrace sands attributed to this time. Immediately after LGM river floods became higher, which is evident from alluvial composition of terrace T0a. Probably, periodical inundation could be a reason of final abandonement of the Avdeevo site. In the beginning of the Holocene the river was still incised, though floods during some intervals (ex., beginning of the Boreal period) reached levels higher than at present. Holocene river migrations had much importance for preservation of the Avdeevo site. Now the site is isolated from higher terraces at the valley side by the Rogozna River channel (fig. 1). It is crossed by a paleochannel (fig. 1, 2), which upstream was dated at 4060 ± 120 and 4100 ± 190 14 C BP [5]. So this paleochannel was left about 4.5 cal. ka ago as a result of one or a series of extreme floods. At the same time the Rogozna river was running in the left part of it’s valley bottom, east from the Avdeevo site. Then, probably at the turn between SB and SA, when extremely high floods were usual in the Seim River [3], Rogozna jumped to it’s current position north and west from the Avdeevo site (fig. 1). Such mechanism of river migration was favorable for preservation of archaeological site because in case of lateral river shift due to bank erosion the site would have been destroyed. References 1. Gvozdover, M.D., Grigoriev, G.P. 1977. Paleolithic site Avdeevo in the Seim river basin. Paleoecology of ancient man. Moscow, Nauka Publ., P. 50-56 (in Russian). 2. Sulerzhitsky, L.D. 2004. The lifetime of some Paleolithic settlements according to radiocarbon dating of bones of megafauna. Russian Archaeology, No. 3, P. 103-112 (in Russian). 3. Panin, A.V., Matlahova, E.Y., Belyaev, Y.R., Bulyart, J.-P., Dubis, L.F., Murray, A., Pakhomova, O.M., Selezneva, E.V., Filippov, V.V. 2011. Sedimentation and formation of terraces in river valleys of the central Russian Plain during the second half of the Late Pleistocene. Bulletin of the Commission for the Study of the Quaternary, No. 71, P. 47-74 (in Russian). 4. Chepalyga, A.L. Malyutino. 2000. Interglacial alluvium. Paleogeography and Paleohydrology of the Lowland River Basins (GLOCOPH-2000 guide-book for field 185
Geomorphic processes and geoarchaeology excursion within Seim river basin. Russia, 24-26 August 2000). Moscow, Russia, Institute of Geography RAS, P. 55-57. 5. Vlasov, M.V., Panin, A.V. 2003. Traces of extreme hydrological events and channel deformation of Seim river (in the Kursk-Kurchatov area) in the Holocene. The Eighteenth Plenary interuniversity co-ordination meeting on the problem of erosion, fluvial and estuarine processes. Kursk, October 28-30, 2003. Papers and reports. Kursk, Kursk University Press, P. 94-95 (in Russian). OBJECTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL TOURISM AS CONSTITUENT PARTS OF THE REGIONAL TOURIST-RECREATIONAL SYSTEM Mazhar L.Yu. Smolensk University for the Humanities, Smolensk, Russia, lmazhar@shu.ru In contemporary world efficiency of tourism can be ensured only via creation of a unified tourist-recreational system on the national as well as on the regional levels. Development of tourist-recreational systems is caused either by any qualitative changes of the already existing objects or by a quantitative increase of new elements of the system. In the latter case new elements are regarded as those objects of archaeological tourism that need to be correctly and thoughtfully «included» in the system in order to obtain the maximum effect. First of all, we should thoroughly understand the notion of the territorial tourist-recreational system. The territorial tourist-recreational system (TTRS) is a combination of all interconnected and interrelated tourist-recreational objects on a particular territory. Taking into consideration the hierarchical interdependency, we can distinguish formation of territorial tourist-recreational systems on the level of the world, nation and region. TTRS presents a schematic and simplified model of the overall tourist-recreational activity. One of the benefits of such a representation is its focus on analyzing internal interconnection and correlation, on studying characteristic features of interrelations among different system elements and on exploring the essence of this phenomenon. Although TTRS seems rather simple, it, nevertheless, allows to conduct quite a detailed analysis of territorial peculiarities of both recreation and tourism, structure of all elements and internal interdependency. All kinds of relations among the system elements (technological, transport etc.) are clearly represented on a particular territory by definite quantitative indices (financial flows, number of tourist arrivals etc.). TTRSs have certain characteristic system properties. The most important ones are emergentness, i. e. ability of the system to possess the qualities that its separate elements don’t have, openness, manageability, poly-systematic character, self-organization, stability, dynamism (mobility) etc. Apart from the above mentioned features, territorial tourist-recreational systems possess a number of specific properties determined by the nature of tourist-recreational activity such as anthropocentric character, topological connection with a certain territory, efficiency etc. Specific properties are to a large extent determined by the nature of the system elements, which are in fact tourist-recreational objects. Elementary structure and composition of TTRSs is one of the key problems of the system formation. True nature of the TTRS on any hierarchical level is perceived only 186
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