extended abstracts - Geomorphic Processes and Geoarchaeology

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Geomorphic processes and geoarchaeology trimodal grain size distribution and a notable contribution of the coarse (> 2 mm) fraction are correlated with high human inputs (charcoal, pottery and mud brick fragments, other inclusions) identified through other lines of evidence (e.g. material culture, micromorphology). At all sites, many fine-grained samples (fine sand and mud) are have resulted from degradation of mud brick. As elsewhere in the Near East (e.g. south-west of Baghdad: [8]), the ultimate provenance of building materials was alluvial sediment from around the sites – mainly fine grained overbank deposits [4]. Conclusion. Interdisciplinary approaches in archaeological research can make a major contribution to the determination of human-environmental interactions and the subsistence practices of prehistoric peoples. Evidently, prehistoric inhabitants of the Tehran and Qazvin plains established their settlements at settings that ensured access to freshwater and soils and sediments appropriate for cultivation, pottery making and other activities. Settlement distribution was also affected by the distribution and migration of channels across alluvial fans (which locally resulted in settlement erosion) and by associated sedimentation. Planned the location of their settlements аt some sites, anthropogenic input reflects a farming economy based on cereal agriculture and livestock. At the Ghabrestan tell, Tamarix sp. woody charcoal may reflect high-temperature burning in the course of industrial activities (probably pottery making). A climate of relatively dry winters may ne indicated by gypsum nodules within the latter. suggest that these took place in a harsh, relatively climate Detailed future work, integrating sedimentary, botanical and chronological evidence from the pre-settleement, settlement and postabandonment stratigrpahies of these sites have the potential to reveal more information about the site formation processes, subsistence practices and the socioeconomic and cultural situation of the prehistoric inhabitants of the Tehran and Qazvin plains. References 1. Folk, R.L., Ward, W.C. 1957. Brazos River bar, a study in the significance of grain-size parameters. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, No. 27, P. 3-27. 2. Folk, R.L. 1966. A review of grain-size parameters. Sedimentology. No. 6, P. 73-93. 3. Goldberg, P., Macphai, R.I. 2006. Practical and Theoretical Geoarchaeology, Blackwel. UK. 4. Maghsoudi, M., Azizi, G., Schmidt. A., Abdolahi, A. 2011. Effect of alluvial fans on distribution of settlement, Case study: Settlement of Sagzabad Cluster , University of Tehran, Unpublished Report. 5. Molla Salehi, H., Mashkour, M., Chaychi A., Naderi, R. 2006. Chronology of Zagheh prehistoric site in Qazvin plain, Archeological research, No. 4, P. 26-46 6. Shahack-Gross, R., Finkelstein, I. 2008. Subsistence practices in an arid environment: a geoarchaeological investigation in an Iron Age site, the Negev Highlands, Israel, Journal of Archaeological Science. Vol. 35, P. 965-982. 7. Shirazi, Z., Tenberg, M., Mashkour M, Molla Salehi. 2006. Preliminary report of archaeobotanical research in Zagheh, Archeological research, No. 4, P. 127-134 8. Stoops, G., Nijs, R. 1986. Micromorphological characteristics of some tell materials from Mesopotamia. Pedologie, No. 36, P. 329-336 175
Geomorphic processes and geoarchaeology SUBATLANTIC HILLSLOPE DEPOSITS AND LANDFORM EVOLUTION AS THE EFFECT OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF MAN IN THE TROUGH OCCUPIED BY LAKE JASIEŃ (NORTH POLAND) Marek Majewski Quarternary Geomorphology and Geology Research Unit, Institute of Geography and Regional Studies in Słupsk, Poland, marekmajo@o2.pl The intensity of the Neoholocene denudation processes with the resulting landform evolution and occurrence of correlative hillslope deposits were strongly related to the economic activity of man. In the trough occupied by lake Jasień (North Poland) these events are evidenced by the surveyed buried gully in the late Vistulian valley bottom (valley A), sequence of deposits filling this gully and the youngest gully, which can be seen in the present day landform morphometry. The original valley bottom was formed predominantly in the late Vistulian. The course of the denudation processes in the North Poland was investigated by Gołębiewski R. (1981), Borówka R.K. (1992) and Majewski M. (2008) and based on their findings we can assume that Eoholocene and Mezoholocene witnessed no significant hillslope processes bringing significant evolution of the then existing valley bottom surface. The first stage of Subatlantic transformation of the analysed valley occurred earlier than 2135 ± 115 BP where the gully was formed in the valley bottom. This is indicated by the age of roof of the peat and silt layers filling part of the buried valley bottom. Apparently loss of forest cover in the north section of the valley A was the primary, yet indirect factor responsible for formation of the ca. 2.5 m deep gully in valley bottom. This loss of forest cover could be attributed to the economic activity of man in the La Tène period or between late La Tène and early Hallstatt periods. This corresponds to the timing of the numerous finds in the area adjoining the upper part of valley registered in the archaeological survey of Poland (AZP). Sheet flowing and washing occurred in the catchment area, most probably devoid of trees at that time, and upon reaching the valley bottom these processes have developed into gully erosion. This cause-and-effect for valley landforms was described for example by Dotterweich M. et al. (2003) and Schmitt A. et al. (2005). These two researchers jointly point to heavy rainfalls as a significant factor shaping these processes besides the loss of forest cover as a result of turning the area of valley catchments to farmland. In this context it is worthwhile noting that in early Subatlantic the climate became significantly wetter and colder [5, 6]. Moreover, these climatic conditions could have increased the level of water in a small pond located in the upper part of the valley, in this way increasing the bottom flow, thus intensifying erosion processes. Gullying and widening of the newly formed valley bottom was followed by deposition of peat and silt – an evidence of continuously high level of groundwater table in this part of the valley. Yet another process transforming the valley bottom was filling of the gully with the material moving down the slopes. Thus the gully was filled up to the former level of the Vistulian / Holocene. Without knowing the age of the roof of the peat and silt deposit 176
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