extended abstracts - Geomorphic Processes and Geoarchaeology

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Geomorphic processes and geoarchaeology (Philippovka I, Ufa II), 2) the central group contiguous to the Main Urals Fault zone (Perevolochan I, Yakovlevka II), and 3) the eastern one (Kichigino I, Bolshoy Klimovsky, Stepnoy and Ushkatta). The eastern monuments are confined to the East- Urals Fault zone at Ural-Tobol rivers divide. The study of 34 PGE mineral grains was carried out which correspond to 3 composition types with Os, Ru and Ir prevalence, appox. [5]. On Os-Ru-Ir triangular diagram the most of fields are in its central part correspond to Os from Urals placers. Also there are separate figurative points which analogues not to established before at these deposits. Metal sources. We estimated probable sources of Au and PGE from ancient jewellers. According to inclusion morphology (roundness and heterogeneous composition) they were extracted from placers. The probable metal sources were used Au placers situated in the Main Urals and East-Urals Fault zones. These tectonic structures host Au-bearing ultrabasite bodies with Os mineralization and related placers. The comparison of native Os composition of Urals placers and Au jewelers from all points of this rare mineral finds will be carried out to determine Au extraction places for jewelleries. The researches were supported by interdisciplinary UB RAS project No 09-М- 457-2001. Authors appreciate their colleagues E.V. Zaykova, E.V. Belogub, V.A. Kotlyarov and E.I. Churin for help and discussion. References 1. Yuminov, A.M., Zaykov, V.V. 2010. The estimation of Cu ores extraction in Bronze Age at Southern Urals. XVIII Uras Archaeological Symposium: cultural areas, archaeological cultures, chronology. October, 11–16, 2010. Ufa: BSPU, P. 183–184 (in Russian). 2. Gornaya Encyclopaedia. 1987. Reviewer E.A. Koslovsky. V. 3, 550 p. (in Russian). 3. Bolshaya Soviet Encyclopaedia. 1978. Reviewer A.M. Prokhorov. V. 28, 620 p. (in Russian). 4. Yablonsky, L.T. 2008. Sarmates from the Southern Transurals. Treasures of sarmate leaders (Materials of Philippovka burial grounds excavations). Orenburg, «Dimur», P. 17–32. (in Russian). 5. Zaykov, V.V., Yuminov, A.M., Zaykova, E.V., Tairov, A.D. 2011. Geoarchaeology. Chelyabinsk, SUSU, 263 p. (in Russian). INTERNATIONAL GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL COLLABORATION AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY (RUSSIA, KAZAKHSTAN, TURKMENISTAN, UKRAINE, BULGARIA) Zaykov V.V. 1 , Yuminov A.M. 2 , Buslovskaya O.L. 1 1 Institute of Mineralogy UB RAS, Miass, Chelyabinsk region, Russia, zaykov@mineralogy.ru 2 South-Urals State University, Miass Branch, Miass, Chelyabinsk region, Russia, umin@mineralogy.ru The cooperation of archaeology and geological sciences increased at the beginning of the XXI century due to modern analytical equipment in several scientific centers. Our publication is devoted to geoarchaeological researches of Institute of Mineralogy UB RAS experts and their colleagues. 297
Geomorphic processes and geoarchaeology Our researches started from Arkaim settlement study which discovered in 1987 at the Chelyabinsk region southern part. During the Arkaim Reserve organization it was required to compose geological map and ore minerals distribution scheme to determine places of raw materials of our ancestors. Later this monument has been applied to reinforced settlements group of Bronze Age with plottage of 100 × 300 km, which was named «Country of Towns». The aim was raised to study raw mineral base of this territory including materials for fortification buildings. In common with Chelyabinsk State University experts the study of stone industry petrofond was carried out, metallurgical stove structures and the composition of slags and metallic items were studied. During these researches RFA and atomic-adsorption method for artifact analyses were used. The important event which increased the results of our researches to higher standard was the purchase INNOV RF analyzer by the Institute of Mineralogy in 2008. It allows archaeological items measuring without destruction. The same equipment is in the Institute of Archaeology RAS, Hermitage Museum and Altai University. Owing to this fact the collaboration with archaeologists from the scientific centers of Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Bulgaria was increased from this time (fig. 1). We have an opportunity to determine the composition of bronzes, Au and slags from archaeological monuments and museum collections pieces. The latest achievements are finds of As- and Sn-containing slags at Southern Urals. Figure 1. Scientific centers of Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Bulgaria Russia. Especially among Russian institutions we effectively cooperated with the Institute of Archaeology RAS during Au study from Philippovka I burial mound. The results of these researches were published in [1]. At Urals we collaborate with the Institute of History and Archaeology UB RAS (Ekaterinburg) and Institute of Humanities (Orsk). As a result the Kamenny Ambar settlement (Chelyabinsk region) and ancient Ishkinino Cu mine with Cr-containing ores (Orenburg region) were described. Near this 298
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