extended abstracts - Geomorphic Processes and Geoarchaeology

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Geomorphic processes and geoarchaeology GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES AND GEOARCHAEOLOGY: THE INDIAN EXPERIENCE Murty K.S. 101/28 Hindustan Colony, Amaravati Road, Nagpur 440033, India Lord Curzon visualized that it was in the exploration and study of purely Indian remains, in the probing of the «archaic mounds», in the excavation of old Indian cities and in he copying and reading of ancient inscriptions that a good deal of the work of the archaeologists will in future live. Truly enough, it was the excavation of the mounds near Mohen-jo-Daro and Harappa that put the Indian Civilization as much older than the others by at least three thousand years. The geomorphic processes by rivers resulted in these mounds just as the marine processes resulted in mounds in Lothal and other places in India. The Buddhist Stupas are always in the shape of mounds and their excavations subsequently led to the formation of the Archaeological Survey of India. The Ajanta- Ellora caves in the Deccan traps and caves on the west coast of India and at several other places were the result of geomorphic processes that operated then. There are also natural arches like the one at Tirumala in Andhra Pradesh, clearly the result of geomorphic processes. Most of these places have become places of interest for tourists. GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPLICATION OF THE LATE HOLOCENE COASTAL EVOLUTION: WESTERN PART OF THE KERCH STRAIT Myslivets V. 1 , Porotov A. 2 , Zinko V. 3 1 Geographical faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, myslivets@yandex.ru 2 Geographical faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, alexey-porotov@ya.ru 3 Centre of archaeological research “Demetra”, Kerch, Ukraina, zinko@demetra.ua Reconstruction of the coastal evolution of the Kerch Strait in the Late Holocene is of great importance for understanding of the structure of the ancient settlement, the bounds of terrain suitable for the defense and farming, localization of harbors, etc. Despite the fact that the study of the sea level change of Black sea in Holocene have a long history the questions about the regional peculiarity of the Black sea transgression rest open. The main regional peculiarity of the Holocene transgression of the Black sea is closely related to the proposed several fluctuations of sea-level although there are disagree on their amplitude, age, and even on their existence. The phanagorian regression of I millennium BC attracted the most attention which is regarded as consequence of global climate cooling («neoglacial»). The drop of the relative sea level up to 3-5 m have explained the submergence of the low part of the ancient Greek cities on the Black sea littoral (Dioskouria, Phanagoria, Olbia and others). The relative sea level change of the Black sea was accompanied not only by passive flooding (or drying) of a coastal area, but also by change of coastal configuration, advancing and retreating of shoreline, submergence and burial / erosion of cultural layers that, as a whole, render the direct research under such circumstance very difficult and 199
Geomorphic processes and geoarchaeology require the apply of various indirect approach such a geological and geophysical technique. The coastal section of the Crimean shore of Kerch Strait between the Tobechik liman and Kamysh-Burun bay that encompass the choras of classic cities Nymphaeum and Tyritaka is an example of coastal areas, where the similar reconstruction is of great importance changes had enough drastic character and have been considered as a part of the historical and archaeological study of this region (fig.1). Despite the large content of geological information for the Kerch Strait and adjacent coastal areas [1], their evolution in the late Holocene remains poorly described in literature, which leaves plenty of room for historical and geographical interpretation [2]. During the joint geoarchaeological researches which is carried out by the Centre archaeological research «Demetra» within the framework of the program «Chora of classic city Tyritaca», the new data have been received concerning the evolution of coastal area of this region since the Bronze Age, that allowed to precise the landscape dynamic of paleo-Kamysh-Burun bay and evaluate the possible location of the port area of classic Nimphaeum [3]. Figure 1. The location of the study area In order to reconstruct the palaeoenvironment and interpret the landscape evolution of the coastal area of the Kamish-Burun bay, detailed geomorphologic mapping and coring up to depth 10-12 m have been made. The subsequent study of the coastal marine sediment comprised the biostratigraphical, sedimentological and geochronological techniques. Fifteen samples of shell were dated using the conventional radiocarbon method, thus providing temporal control of the sedimentary units. Geomorphologic mapping of subaerial and subaqueous coastal parts of the area was carried out using large scale topographic maps and air photography. Additionally the results of underwater geophysical and archaeological survey of the nearshore zone have been used. The studied coastal section of Crimean shore of Kerch Strait comprise the three types of the shorelines: the high cliffed coast on southern part, the sandy terrace on the southern outskirt of Nymphaeum and the beach-ridge plain in the inner part of the Kamych-Burun bay that is surrounded by cliffed slope of inner upland. On the former promontory in the bay head the antique city Tyritaka is located. The extended section of open cliffed coast is subjected by steady coastal erosion with the mean rate up to 0.4- 200
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Ghahroudi Tali M. 13, 102 Giligny F
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Volokitin A.V. 281 Voronin K.V. 76
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