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Stalin School of Falsification -- Chapter 15 KOROVAIKOVA: Was the question of the reorganization of the Soviets of Workers' Deputies raised? For instance, in Ivanov-Voznesensk are seated representatives of cooperatives, of the committee for literacy and other non-working class organizations. As a result, in the Ivanovo-Voznesensk Soviet the workers are in a minority. DELEGATE: Was the question raised of a goubernia organ? MANDELSTAM: Not of a goubernia organ, only of an oblast organ. ANOTHER DELEGATE: Our faction should introduce a motion to reorganize the Soviets of Workers' Deputies. Since the majority regards the scope of the revolution as an embryo of the international revolution, was the question raised of inviting the representatives of the international proletariat? MANDELSTAM: No. TSVILLING: I am entirely unable to agree with the decision of the section that the officers' collective has no right to delegate its own representatives to the Congress. This may arouse friction in the provinces. In Chelyabinsk the officers were allotted one fifth of the seats. If this decision is enforced, there will not be a single representative of the officers in the Soviet. I move that we support another point of view, namely, that of giving the officers the right to elect directly into the Soviet of Deputies. Such a situation is being created as will compel the officers to organize their own Soviet of Deputies, which will he worse. In Chelyabinsk has been formed a Committee for Social Security. When it began to issue resolu tions contrary to the decisions of the Soviet of Workers' Deputies, the latter resolved not to permit it in its midst. There is no need to make enemies. ZELJGSON: There are inadequacies in the plan. The organ ization is along gonbernia lines at the present time. Our plan of organization should be made to correspond to that. In the provinces, within the gottberma committees, it is not we who function but absolutely alien elements. This can be over come only in the event that the revolutionary democracy is organized in gollbernias. The organization must begin not with the oblast but with the goabeiana. KOMISSAROV: It seems to me that people here are unacquainted with the structure in the provinces. An impor tant question has been overlooked the inclusion of repre sentatives from the provinces, and this is very important. The legislative organ is -- the Soviet of Workers' Deputies of Petrograd. Since our Soviet of Workers' Deputies represents a legislative organ for ourselves and for the Provisional Gov ernment to which it prescribes the laws, it is necessary to include in it the representatives from the provinces. SMIRNOV (IVAN N.): In the military commission the opinion also prevailed that the officers should be seated in the Soviet of Soldiers' Deputies. The speaker is against the participation of the officers in the Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies. Let them organize themselves separately. Owing to this, in Tomsk the Soviet of Soldiers' Deputies plays the decisive role. The Soviet consists of social democrats. Among the officers there are not more than 20 socialists. We have introduced the election of the representatives among the detachments. No orders are valid without the signature of the representatives of the soldiers. Among us the Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies have taken all the power. Things are being managed magnificently. The Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies decided to release 12,000 men for work in the fields, having calculated beforehand how many could be sent. When the head of the Omsk Military District began t 0 put a spoke in the wheels, the Soviet demanded catego rically that not a single order touching local conditions, hould be issued without the sanction of the http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/works/1937-st2/sf15.htm (5 of 17) [06/06/2002 15:07:33]
Stalin School of Falsification -- Chapter 15 Soviet of Soldiers' Deputies. It turned out that he was entirely uninformed about local conditions. The officers might be formed into special sections in party organizations and through them the entire remaining mass might be influenced. The Soviet of Soldiers' Deputies decided not to send out companies into the field until discipline was established. The officers were in favor of sending them; despite this, the head of the military district revoked the order, pending special disposition. Unfortunately the question of separating out the officers will not be passed at the Conference. And yet, observing the officers at the Congress, it is necessary to state: Who is a chauvinist? -- The officer. Who is an opportunist? -- The officer. In Siberia, at the beginning of April, elections took place to the city Dumas on the basis of Khvostki. We managed to get for the soldiers the right of participating in the elections on equal rights with the rest of the population. In Omsk for example there are 70,000 soldiers to the 50,000 adult population. Thus, in the Duma the soldiers turned out in majority. As for the proposal to call the Congress on April 25, the speaker expresses himself in opposition. We will hardly manage to get back when we shall have to prepare for the All-Russian Congress. Why is this called for? The need to fortify the organizition? This can be done without a Congress. This will create a bad impression on the provinces and the disorganization will be aggravated. VOZDVIZHENSKY: I also conclude from practical experience, although among us the officers are socialists, that it is neces sary to separate out the officers. If we are to elect one to every 25,000, why should they, a minority, be specially allot ted one-fifth of the seats? There are separate military com mittees into which officers also enter. OKHLONIN: Is in favor of giving the officers a vote on an equal footing with the soldiers. If the officers are revolution ary, the soldiers themselves will elect them. Sees no reason for separating out the officers into a special caste. As regards the date set for the calling of the Congress, it should be postponed: Russia is an enormous country and it is impossible to get a congress together quickly. The prov inces will underscore that the Petrograd Soviet of Workers' Deputies deserves confidence and this will fortify its influence. If there is a postponement for two weeks or a month, we shall be able to determine whether it is feasible to hold a Congress. Motion: To close the speakers' list on the general discussion. DELEGATE: I move that discussion on this question be closed and that we proceed to the general political discussion on the attitude to the Provisional Government. SKRYPNIK: Our attitude to the Soviet of Workers' Deputies is expressed in the resolution which we adopted. TEONOROVICH: At the Congress the organizational ques tion will be discussed. It is therefore necessary to close dis cussion and take up the resolution of the organizational section, take it up article by article, and introduce changes and amendments. Discussion on the agenda closed. The following two motions are put to a vote: 1) To open the discussion on the question of the attitude of http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/works/1937-st2/sf15.htm (6 of 17) [06/06/2002 15:07:33]
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