Evolution and Optimum Seeking

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Test Problems for the Second Part of the Strategy Comparison 327 n K K=n 2 1 1 1 2 6.85 1.71 3 16.4 1.82 6 64.9 1.80 10 175 1.75 20 678 1.69 30 1500 1.67 60 5930 1.65 100 16400 1.64 Not all the search methods achieved the required accuracy. For many variables the coordinate strategies <strong>and</strong> the complex method of Box terminated the search prematurely. Powell's method of conjugate gradients even got stuck without the termination criterion taking e ect. A.2 Test Problems for the Second Part of the Strategy Comparison Problem 2.1 after Beale (1958) Objective function: F (x) =[1:5 ; x 1 (1 ; x 2)] 2 + h 2:25 ; x 1 (1 ; x 2 2) i 2 + h 2:625 ; x 1 (1 ; x 3 2) i 2 Figure A.1: Graphical representation of Problem 2.1 F (x) ==0:1 1 4' 14:20 36 100=
328 Appendix A Minimum: x =(3 0:5) F (x )=0 Besides the strong minimum x there is a weak minimum at in nity: Saddle point: Start: x 0 ! (;1 1) F (x 0 ) ! 0 x 00 =(0 1) F (x 00 ) ' 14:20 x (0) =(0 0) F (x (0) ) ' 14:20 For very large initial step lengths the (1+1) evolution strategy converged once to the weak minimum x 0 . Problem 2.2 As Problem 2.1, but with: Start: Problem 2.3 Objective function: x (0) =(0:1 0:1) F (x (0) ) ' 12:99 q F (x) =;jx sin( jxj)j Figure A.2: Diagram F (x) for Problem 2.3
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Evolution and Optimum Seeking Hans-
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vi Multiple Data) machines with man
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viii 3.2.1.6 Complex Strategy of Bo
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Chapter 1 Introduction There is sca
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Introduction 3 simple matter to col
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Chapter 2 Problems and Methods of O
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Particular Problems and Methods of
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Other Special Cases 19 with expecta
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Other Special Cases 21 parts of the
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Chapter 3 Hill climbing Strategies
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One Dimensional Strategies 25 then
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One Dimensional Strategies 27 Even
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One Dimensional Strategies 29 The b
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One Dimensional Strategies 31 F(x)
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One Dimensional Strategies 33 For t
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One Dimensional Strategies 35 It is
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One Dimensional Strategies 37 F P F
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Multidimensional Strategies 39 the
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Multidimensional Strategies 41 asch
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Multidimensional Strategies 43 e 2
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Multidimensional Strategies 45 Step
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Multidimensional Strategies 47 Numb
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Multidimensional Strategies 49 wher
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Multidimensional Strategies 53 Numb
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Multidimensional Strategies 55 The
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Multidimensional Strategies 57 Anum
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Multidimensional Strategies 61 Iter
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Multidimensional Strategies 63 (If
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Multidimensional Strategies 65 eval
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Multidimensional Strategies 67 The
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Multidimensional Strategies 69 devi
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Multidimensional Strategies 71 spec
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Multidimensional Strategies 73 othe
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Multidimensional Strategies 75 anot
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Multidimensional Strategies 77 3.2.
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Multidimensional Strategies 81 Brow
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Multidimensional Strategies 83 (197
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Multidimensional Strategies 85 meth
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Chapter 4 Random Strategies One gro
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Random Strategies 89 parts is taken
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Random Strategies 91 Pardalos and R
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Random Strategies 93 to write the n
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Random Strategies 95 the expectatio
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Random Strategies 97 maintained at
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Random Strategies 99 works entirely
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Random Strategies 101 the principle
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Random Strategies 103 out, a limite
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Chapter 5 Evolution Strategies for
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The Two Membered Evolution Strategy
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A Multimembered Evolution Strategy
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Genetic Algorithms 151 too is the c
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Genetic Algorithms 153 mean objecti
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Genetic Algorithms 155 p( ∆x) 1 1
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Genetic Algorithms 157 out any chan
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Genetic Algorithms 159 Average Numb
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Simulated Annealing 161 There are t
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Tabu Search and Other Hybrid Concep
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Chapter 6 Comparison of Direct Sear
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Theoretical Results 167 Oettli, 196
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Theoretical Results 169 where 0
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Theoretical Results 171 tions. Simi
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Numerical Comparison of Strategies
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Core storage required 233 term \cor
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Chapter 7 Summary and Outlook So, i
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Summary and Outlook 237 numerical o
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Summary and Outlook 239 considerabl
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Summary and Outlook 241 is called t
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Summary and Outlook 243 to the prod
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Summary and Outlook 245 tition betw
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Summary and Outlook 247 the experim
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Chapter 8 References Glossary of ab
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References 251 Anscombe, F.J. (1959
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References 253 Bandler, J.W. (1969b
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References 255 Bendin, F. (1992), E
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References 257 Booth, A.D. (1955),
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References 259 Brent, R.P. (1971),
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References 261 Carroll, C.W. (1961)
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References 263 Courant, R., D. Hilb
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References 265 Davies, M., I.J. Whi
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References 267 Dvoretzky, A. (1956)
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References 269 Fiacco, A.V. (1974),
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References 271 Fogel, L.J., A.J. Ow
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References 273 Gill, P.E., W. Murra
Page 283 and 284: References 275 Graves, R.L., P. Wol
Page 285 and 286: References 277 Heckler, R., H.-P. S
Page 287 and 288: References 279 Ho meister, F., H.-P
Page 289 and 290: References 281 Idelsohn, J.M. (1964
Page 291 and 292: References 283 Karnopp, D.C. (1966)
Page 293 and 294: References 285 Kochen, M., H.M. Has
Page 295 and 296: References 287 Kunzi, H.P., H.G. Tz
Page 297 and 298: References 289 LeCam, L.M., J. Neym
Page 299 and 300: References 291 Mamen, R., D.Q. Mayn
Page 301 and 302: 294 References Miele, A., H.Y. Huan
Page 303 and 304: 296 References Murray, W. (Ed.) (19
Page 305 and 306: 298 References Oldenburger, R. (Ed.
Page 307 and 308: 300 References Peschel, M. (1980),
Page 309 and 310: 302 References Powell, M.J.D. (1970
Page 311 and 312: 304 References Rechenberg, I. (1989
Page 313 and 314: 306 References Rybashov, M.V. (1969
Page 315 and 316: 308 References Schmidt, J.W., K. Ve
Page 317 and 318: 310 References Shedler, G.S. (1967)
Page 319 and 320: 312 References Steinbuch, K. (1971)
Page 321 and 322: 314 References Tabak, D. (1970), Ap
Page 323 and 324: 316 References Varela, F.J., P. Bou
Page 325 and 326: 318 References White, L.J., R.G. Da
Page 327 and 328: 320 References Youden, W.J., O. Kem
Page 329 and 330: 322 References Glossary of Abbrevia
Page 331 and 332: 324 References
Page 333: 326 Appendix A Problem 1.2 Objectiv
Page 337 and 338: 330 Appendix A Figure A.3: Graphica
Page 339 and 340: 332 Appendix A Several of the searc
Page 345 and 346: 338 Appendix A Minimum: Start: Prob
Page 347 and 348: 340 Appendix A Problem 2.20 Objecti
Page 349 and 350: 342 Appendix A Problem 2.23 Objecti
Page 351 and 352: 344 Appendix A Start: x (0) i =10 f
Page 353 and 354: 346 Appendix A on the interval 0 y
Page 355 and 356: 348 Appendix A Problem 2.32 after B
Page 357 and 358: 350 Appendix A Constraints: Gj(x) =
Page 359 and 360: 352 Appendix A The constraints form
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Page 363 and 364: 356 Appendix A Problem 2.44 As Prob
Page 365 and 366: 358 Appendix A Figure A.29: Graphic
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Page 369 and 370: 362 Appendix A Problem 3.2 (analogo
Page 371 and 372: 364 Appendix A Problem 3.6 (analogo
Page 373 and 374: 366 Appendix A Minimum: x i =0 for
Page 375 and 376: 368 Appendix B LF (integer) Return
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Page 379 and 380: 372 Appendix B 8. Function Z(S,R) T
Page 381 and 382: 374 Appendix B 25 L(K)=L(K+1) L(10)
Page 383 and 384: 376 Appendix B LF=2 (continued) No
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378 Appendix B man), vol. 15 of Pro
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380 Appendix B instead of T, as a p
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382 Appendix B 15 CONTINUE 16 FF=F(
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384 Appendix B SK(KS)=AMAX1(SM(I),A
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386 Appendix B B.3 ( + ) Evolution
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388 Appendix B EPSILO (one dimensio
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390 Appendix B GLEICH (real functio
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392 Appendix B GLEICH, and TKONTR d
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394 Appendix B 1 NL=1+N-NS NM=N-1 N
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396 Appendix B ZSTERN=ZBEST K=LBEST
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398 Appendix B C NEGATIVE (LETHAL M
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400 Appendix B C C PREPARE FINAL DA
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402 Appendix B 2 IF(.NOT.BKOMMA.OR.
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404 Appendix B 32 WRITE(KANAL,126)
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406 Appendix B DO 4 I=1,NX KI=KI1 I
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408 Appendix B Subroutine MINMAX MI
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410 Appendix B 2 IF(U.LT..965487131
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412 Appendix B parameters by multip
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414 Appendix B
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416 Appendix C - SIMP Simplex strat
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418 Appendix C C.3.2 How to Install
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420 Appendix C { } return(0.26*(x[0
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422 Appendix C 1 No recombination 2
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424 Appendix C 8e-07 8e-07 Initial
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426 Index Banach, S., 10 Bandler, J
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428 Index Coordinate strategy, 41{4
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430 Index Evolution strategy, 3, 6,
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432 Index Graves, R.L., 23 Great de
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434 Index Khurgin, Ya.I., 89 Kiefer
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436 Index Michie, D., 102 Mickey, M
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438 Index Parkinson, J.M., 61 Parta
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440 Index Rotating coordinates meth
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442 Index Storey, C., 23, 50, 54 St
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444 Index Wilson, S.W., 103 Witt, U
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