Evolution and Optimum Seeking

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( , ) Evolution Strategies GRUP and REKO 379 ----------------------------------------------------- FUNCTION F(N,X) DIMENSION X(N) ... ... F=... RETURN END ----------------------------------------------------- N represents the number of parameters, and X represents the formal parameter vector. GRUP supplies the actual values. The function should be written on the basis that GRUP searches for a minimum if a maximum is to be sought, F must be supplied with a negative sign. 7.2 Constraints function To bewrittenby the user in the general style: ----------------------------------------------------- FUNCTION G(J,N,X) DIMENSION X(N) GOTO(1,2,3,...,(M)),J 1 G=... RETURN 2 G=... RETURN ... ... (M) G=... RETURN END ----------------------------------------------------- N and X have the meanings described for the objective function, while J (integer) is the serial number of the constraint. The statements should be written on the basis that GRUP will accept vector X as feasible if all the G values are larger than or equal to zero. 7.3 Function for monitoring the computation time This may be de ned by the user or called from the subroutine library in the particular machine. The following structure is assumed: REAL FUNCTION T(D) where D is a dummy parameter. T should be assigned the monitored quantity, e.g., the CPU time in seconds limited by TM.Many computers are supplied with ready-made timing software. If this is given as a function only its name needs to be supplied to GRUP,
380 Appendix B instead of T, as a parameter. If it is a subroutine, the user can program the required function. For example, the subroutine might be called SECOND(I), where parameter I is an integer representing the CPU time in microseconds, in which case one could program: ----------------------------------------------------- FUNCTION T(D) CALL SECOND(I) T=1.E-6*FLOAT(I) RETURN END ----------------------------------------------------- 7.4 Function for transforming a uniformly distributed random number to a normally distributed one See under 8. 7.5 Function for generating a uniform random number distribution in the range (0,1] The structure must be REAL FUNCTION R(D) where D is dummy. R is the value of the random number. Note: The smallest value of R must be large enough for the natural logarithm to be generated without oating-point over ow. The standard library usually includes a suitable program, in which case only the appropriate name has to be supplied to GRUP. 8. Function Z(S,R) This function converts a uniform random number distribution to a normal distribution pairwise by means of the Box-Muller rules. The standard deviation is supplied as parameter S, while the expectation value for the mean is always zero. The quantity LZis common to GRUP and Z by virtue of a COMMON block and acts as a switch to transmit only one of the two random numbers generated in response to each second call. --------------------------------------------------------- SUBROUTINE GRUP(REKO,L,LL,N,M,LF,TM,EA,EB,EC,ED,SN, 1FA,FB,XB,SM,X,FK,XK,SK,F,G,T,Z,R) LOGICAL REKO DIMENSION XB(1),SM(1),X(1),FK(1),XK(1),SK(1) COMMON/GRZ/LZ EXTERNAL R KK(RR)=(LA+IFIX(FLOAT(L)*RR))*N C C THE PRECEDING LINE CONTAINS A STATEMENT FUNCTION C TN=TM+T(D)
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Evolution and Optimum Seeking Hans-
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vi Multiple Data) machines with man
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viii 3.2.1.6 Complex Strategy of Bo
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Chapter 1 Introduction There is sca
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Introduction 3 simple matter to col
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Chapter 2 Problems and Methods of O
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Particular Problems and Methods of
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Other Special Cases 19 with expecta
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Other Special Cases 21 parts of the
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Chapter 3 Hill climbing Strategies
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One Dimensional Strategies 25 then
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One Dimensional Strategies 27 Even
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One Dimensional Strategies 29 The b
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One Dimensional Strategies 31 F(x)
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One Dimensional Strategies 33 For t
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One Dimensional Strategies 35 It is
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One Dimensional Strategies 37 F P F
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Multidimensional Strategies 39 the
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Multidimensional Strategies 41 asch
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Multidimensional Strategies 43 e 2
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Multidimensional Strategies 45 Step
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Multidimensional Strategies 47 Numb
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Multidimensional Strategies 49 wher
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Multidimensional Strategies 53 Numb
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Multidimensional Strategies 55 The
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Multidimensional Strategies 57 Anum
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Multidimensional Strategies 61 Iter
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Multidimensional Strategies 63 (If
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Multidimensional Strategies 65 eval
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Multidimensional Strategies 67 The
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Multidimensional Strategies 69 devi
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Multidimensional Strategies 71 spec
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Multidimensional Strategies 73 othe
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Multidimensional Strategies 75 anot
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Multidimensional Strategies 77 3.2.
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Multidimensional Strategies 81 Brow
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Multidimensional Strategies 83 (197
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Multidimensional Strategies 85 meth
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Chapter 4 Random Strategies One gro
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Random Strategies 89 parts is taken
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Random Strategies 91 Pardalos and R
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Random Strategies 93 to write the n
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Random Strategies 95 the expectatio
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Random Strategies 97 maintained at
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Random Strategies 99 works entirely
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Random Strategies 101 the principle
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Random Strategies 103 out, a limite
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Chapter 5 Evolution Strategies for
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The Two Membered Evolution Strategy
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A Multimembered Evolution Strategy
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Genetic Algorithms 151 too is the c
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Genetic Algorithms 153 mean objecti
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Genetic Algorithms 155 p( ∆x) 1 1
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Genetic Algorithms 157 out any chan
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Genetic Algorithms 159 Average Numb
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Simulated Annealing 161 There are t
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Tabu Search and Other Hybrid Concep
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Chapter 6 Comparison of Direct Sear
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Theoretical Results 167 Oettli, 196
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Theoretical Results 169 where 0
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Theoretical Results 171 tions. Simi
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Numerical Comparison of Strategies
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Core storage required 233 term \cor
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Chapter 7 Summary and Outlook So, i
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Summary and Outlook 237 numerical o
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Summary and Outlook 239 considerabl
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Summary and Outlook 241 is called t
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Summary and Outlook 243 to the prod
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Summary and Outlook 245 tition betw
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Summary and Outlook 247 the experim
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Chapter 8 References Glossary of ab
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References 251 Anscombe, F.J. (1959
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References 253 Bandler, J.W. (1969b
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References 255 Bendin, F. (1992), E
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References 257 Booth, A.D. (1955),
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References 259 Brent, R.P. (1971),
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References 261 Carroll, C.W. (1961)
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References 263 Courant, R., D. Hilb
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References 265 Davies, M., I.J. Whi
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References 267 Dvoretzky, A. (1956)
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References 269 Fiacco, A.V. (1974),
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References 271 Fogel, L.J., A.J. Ow
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References 273 Gill, P.E., W. Murra
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References 275 Graves, R.L., P. Wol
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References 277 Heckler, R., H.-P. S
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References 279 Ho meister, F., H.-P
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References 281 Idelsohn, J.M. (1964
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References 283 Karnopp, D.C. (1966)
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References 285 Kochen, M., H.M. Has
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References 287 Kunzi, H.P., H.G. Tz
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References 289 LeCam, L.M., J. Neym
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References 291 Mamen, R., D.Q. Mayn
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294 References Miele, A., H.Y. Huan
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296 References Murray, W. (Ed.) (19
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298 References Oldenburger, R. (Ed.
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300 References Peschel, M. (1980),
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302 References Powell, M.J.D. (1970
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304 References Rechenberg, I. (1989
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306 References Rybashov, M.V. (1969
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308 References Schmidt, J.W., K. Ve
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310 References Shedler, G.S. (1967)
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312 References Steinbuch, K. (1971)
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314 References Tabak, D. (1970), Ap
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316 References Varela, F.J., P. Bou
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318 References White, L.J., R.G. Da
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320 References Youden, W.J., O. Kem
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322 References Glossary of Abbrevia
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324 References
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326 Appendix A Problem 1.2 Objectiv
Page 335 and 336: 328 Appendix A Minimum: x =(3 0:5)
Page 337 and 338: 330 Appendix A Figure A.3: Graphica
Page 339 and 340: 332 Appendix A Several of the searc
Page 345 and 346: 338 Appendix A Minimum: Start: Prob
Page 347 and 348: 340 Appendix A Problem 2.20 Objecti
Page 349 and 350: 342 Appendix A Problem 2.23 Objecti
Page 351 and 352: 344 Appendix A Start: x (0) i =10 f
Page 353 and 354: 346 Appendix A on the interval 0 y
Page 355 and 356: 348 Appendix A Problem 2.32 after B
Page 357 and 358: 350 Appendix A Constraints: Gj(x) =
Page 359 and 360: 352 Appendix A The constraints form
Page 361 and 362: 354 Appendix A Start: x (0) =(250 2
Page 363 and 364: 356 Appendix A Problem 2.44 As Prob
Page 365 and 366: 358 Appendix A Figure A.29: Graphic
Page 367 and 368: 360 Appendix A Start: Figure A.31:
Page 369 and 370: 362 Appendix A Problem 3.2 (analogo
Page 371 and 372: 364 Appendix A Problem 3.6 (analogo
Page 373 and 374: 366 Appendix A Minimum: x i =0 for
Page 375 and 376: 368 Appendix B LF (integer) Return
Page 377 and 378: 370 Appendix B 4. Convergence crite
Page 379 and 380: 372 Appendix B 8. Function Z(S,R) T
Page 381 and 382: 374 Appendix B 25 L(K)=L(K+1) L(10)
Page 383 and 384: 376 Appendix B LF=2 (continued) No
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Page 389 and 390: 382 Appendix B 15 CONTINUE 16 FF=F(
Page 391 and 392: 384 Appendix B SK(KS)=AMAX1(SM(I),A
Page 393 and 394: 386 Appendix B B.3 ( + ) Evolution
Page 395 and 396: 388 Appendix B EPSILO (one dimensio
Page 397 and 398: 390 Appendix B GLEICH (real functio
Page 399 and 400: 392 Appendix B GLEICH, and TKONTR d
Page 401 and 402: 394 Appendix B 1 NL=1+N-NS NM=N-1 N
Page 403 and 404: 396 Appendix B ZSTERN=ZBEST K=LBEST
Page 405 and 406: 398 Appendix B C NEGATIVE (LETHAL M
Page 407 and 408: 400 Appendix B C C PREPARE FINAL DA
Page 409 and 410: 402 Appendix B 2 IF(.NOT.BKOMMA.OR.
Page 411 and 412: 404 Appendix B 32 WRITE(KANAL,126)
Page 413 and 414: 406 Appendix B DO 4 I=1,NX KI=KI1 I
Page 415 and 416: 408 Appendix B Subroutine MINMAX MI
Page 417 and 418: 410 Appendix B 2 IF(U.LT..965487131
Page 419 and 420: 412 Appendix B parameters by multip
Page 421 and 422: 414 Appendix B
Page 423 and 424: 416 Appendix C - SIMP Simplex strat
Page 425 and 426: 418 Appendix C C.3.2 How to Install
Page 427 and 428: 420 Appendix C { } return(0.26*(x[0
Page 429 and 430: 422 Appendix C 1 No recombination 2
Page 431 and 432: 424 Appendix C 8e-07 8e-07 Initial
Page 433 and 434: 426 Index Banach, S., 10 Bandler, J
Page 435 and 436: 428 Index Coordinate strategy, 41{4
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430 Index Evolution strategy, 3, 6,
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432 Index Graves, R.L., 23 Great de
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434 Index Khurgin, Ya.I., 89 Kiefer
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436 Index Michie, D., 102 Mickey, M
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438 Index Parkinson, J.M., 61 Parta
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440 Index Rotating coordinates meth
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442 Index Storey, C., 23, 50, 54 St
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444 Index Wilson, S.W., 103 Witt, U
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