Evolution and Optimum Seeking

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Test Problems for the Second Part of the Strategy Comparison 333 Start: Figure A.7: Graphical representation of Problem 2.7 on the planes left: x3 = 0, right: x3 = ;1, F (x) ==0:03 0:3 1' 3:064 10 30= x (0) =(0 20 20) F (x (0) ) ' 1022 Many strategies only roughly located the rst of the strong minima de ned above. The evolution strategies tended to converge to the weak minimum, since the minima are at equal values of the objective function. The second strong minimum, which is never referred to in the relevant literature, was sometimes found by the multimembered evolution strategy. Problem 2.8 As Problem 2.7, but with Start: Problem 2.9 Objective function: Minimum: Start: x (0) =(0 10 20) F (x (0) ) ' 1031 F (x) = nX i=1 ( iX j=1 xj) 2 for n =5 x i =0 for i = 1(1)n F (x )=0 x (0) i =10 for i = 1(1)n F (x (0) ) = 5500
334 Appendix A Figure A.8: Graphical representation of Problem 2.9 for n =2 F (x) ==4 36 100 196 324 484= Problem 2.10 after Kowalik (1967 see also Kowalik <strong>and</strong> Morrison, 1968) Objective function: F (x) = X11 i=1 ai ; x1 (b2 i + bi x2) b2 ! 2 i + bi x3 + x4 Numerical values of the constants ai <strong>and</strong> bi for i = 1(1)11 can be taken from the following table: i ai b ;1 i 1 0.1957 0.25 2 0.1947 0.5 3 0.1735 1 4 0.1600 2 5 0.0844 4 6 0.0627 6 7 0.0456 8 8 0.0342 10 9 0.0323 12 10 0.0235 14 11 0.0246 16 In this non-linear tting problem, formulated as a minimum problem, the free parameters
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Evolution and Optimum Seeking Hans-
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vi Multiple Data) machines with man
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viii 3.2.1.6 Complex Strategy of Bo
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Chapter 1 Introduction There is sca
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Introduction 3 simple matter to col
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Chapter 2 Problems and Methods of O
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Particular Problems and Methods of
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Other Special Cases 19 with expecta
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Other Special Cases 21 parts of the
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Chapter 3 Hill climbing Strategies
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One Dimensional Strategies 25 then
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One Dimensional Strategies 27 Even
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One Dimensional Strategies 29 The b
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One Dimensional Strategies 31 F(x)
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One Dimensional Strategies 33 For t
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One Dimensional Strategies 35 It is
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One Dimensional Strategies 37 F P F
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Multidimensional Strategies 39 the
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Multidimensional Strategies 41 asch
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Multidimensional Strategies 43 e 2
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Multidimensional Strategies 45 Step
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Multidimensional Strategies 47 Numb
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Multidimensional Strategies 49 wher
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Multidimensional Strategies 53 Numb
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Multidimensional Strategies 55 The
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Multidimensional Strategies 57 Anum
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Multidimensional Strategies 61 Iter
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Multidimensional Strategies 63 (If
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Multidimensional Strategies 65 eval
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Multidimensional Strategies 67 The
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Multidimensional Strategies 69 devi
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Multidimensional Strategies 71 spec
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Multidimensional Strategies 73 othe
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Multidimensional Strategies 75 anot
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Multidimensional Strategies 77 3.2.
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Multidimensional Strategies 81 Brow
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Multidimensional Strategies 83 (197
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Multidimensional Strategies 85 meth
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Chapter 4 Random Strategies One gro
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Random Strategies 89 parts is taken
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Random Strategies 91 Pardalos and R
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Random Strategies 93 to write the n
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Random Strategies 95 the expectatio
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Random Strategies 97 maintained at
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Random Strategies 99 works entirely
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Random Strategies 101 the principle
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Random Strategies 103 out, a limite
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Chapter 5 Evolution Strategies for
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The Two Membered Evolution Strategy
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A Multimembered Evolution Strategy
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Genetic Algorithms 151 too is the c
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Genetic Algorithms 153 mean objecti
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Genetic Algorithms 155 p( ∆x) 1 1
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Genetic Algorithms 157 out any chan
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Genetic Algorithms 159 Average Numb
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Simulated Annealing 161 There are t
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Tabu Search and Other Hybrid Concep
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Chapter 6 Comparison of Direct Sear
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Theoretical Results 167 Oettli, 196
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Theoretical Results 169 where 0
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Theoretical Results 171 tions. Simi
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Numerical Comparison of Strategies
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Core storage required 233 term \cor
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Chapter 7 Summary and Outlook So, i
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Summary and Outlook 237 numerical o
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Summary and Outlook 239 considerabl
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Summary and Outlook 241 is called t
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Summary and Outlook 243 to the prod
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Summary and Outlook 245 tition betw
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Summary and Outlook 247 the experim
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Chapter 8 References Glossary of ab
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References 251 Anscombe, F.J. (1959
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References 253 Bandler, J.W. (1969b
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References 255 Bendin, F. (1992), E
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References 257 Booth, A.D. (1955),
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References 259 Brent, R.P. (1971),
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References 261 Carroll, C.W. (1961)
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References 263 Courant, R., D. Hilb
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References 265 Davies, M., I.J. Whi
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References 267 Dvoretzky, A. (1956)
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References 269 Fiacco, A.V. (1974),
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References 271 Fogel, L.J., A.J. Ow
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References 273 Gill, P.E., W. Murra
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References 275 Graves, R.L., P. Wol
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References 277 Heckler, R., H.-P. S
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References 279 Ho meister, F., H.-P
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Page 291 and 292: References 283 Karnopp, D.C. (1966)
Page 293 and 294: References 285 Kochen, M., H.M. Has
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Page 297 and 298: References 289 LeCam, L.M., J. Neym
Page 299 and 300: References 291 Mamen, R., D.Q. Mayn
Page 301 and 302: 294 References Miele, A., H.Y. Huan
Page 303 and 304: 296 References Murray, W. (Ed.) (19
Page 305 and 306: 298 References Oldenburger, R. (Ed.
Page 307 and 308: 300 References Peschel, M. (1980),
Page 309 and 310: 302 References Powell, M.J.D. (1970
Page 311 and 312: 304 References Rechenberg, I. (1989
Page 313 and 314: 306 References Rybashov, M.V. (1969
Page 315 and 316: 308 References Schmidt, J.W., K. Ve
Page 317 and 318: 310 References Shedler, G.S. (1967)
Page 319 and 320: 312 References Steinbuch, K. (1971)
Page 321 and 322: 314 References Tabak, D. (1970), Ap
Page 323 and 324: 316 References Varela, F.J., P. Bou
Page 325 and 326: 318 References White, L.J., R.G. Da
Page 327 and 328: 320 References Youden, W.J., O. Kem
Page 329 and 330: 322 References Glossary of Abbrevia
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Page 333 and 334: 326 Appendix A Problem 1.2 Objectiv
Page 335 and 336: 328 Appendix A Minimum: x =(3 0:5)
Page 337 and 338: 330 Appendix A Figure A.3: Graphica
Page 339: 332 Appendix A Several of the searc
Page 343 and 344: 336 Appendix A Figure A.9: Graphica
Page 345 and 346: 338 Appendix A Minimum: Start: Prob
Page 347 and 348: 340 Appendix A Problem 2.20 Objecti
Page 349 and 350: 342 Appendix A Problem 2.23 Objecti
Page 351 and 352: 344 Appendix A Start: x (0) i =10 f
Page 353 and 354: 346 Appendix A on the interval 0 y
Page 355 and 356: 348 Appendix A Problem 2.32 after B
Page 357 and 358: 350 Appendix A Constraints: Gj(x) =
Page 359 and 360: 352 Appendix A The constraints form
Page 361 and 362: 354 Appendix A Start: x (0) =(250 2
Page 363 and 364: 356 Appendix A Problem 2.44 As Prob
Page 365 and 366: 358 Appendix A Figure A.29: Graphic
Page 367 and 368: 360 Appendix A Start: Figure A.31:
Page 369 and 370: 362 Appendix A Problem 3.2 (analogo
Page 371 and 372: 364 Appendix A Problem 3.6 (analogo
Page 373 and 374: 366 Appendix A Minimum: x i =0 for
Page 375 and 376: 368 Appendix B LF (integer) Return
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Page 379 and 380: 372 Appendix B 8. Function Z(S,R) T
Page 381 and 382: 374 Appendix B 25 L(K)=L(K+1) L(10)
Page 383 and 384: 376 Appendix B LF=2 (continued) No
Page 385 and 386: 378 Appendix B man), vol. 15 of Pro
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Page 389 and 390: 382 Appendix B 15 CONTINUE 16 FF=F(
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384 Appendix B SK(KS)=AMAX1(SM(I),A
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386 Appendix B B.3 ( + ) Evolution
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388 Appendix B EPSILO (one dimensio
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390 Appendix B GLEICH (real functio
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392 Appendix B GLEICH, and TKONTR d
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394 Appendix B 1 NL=1+N-NS NM=N-1 N
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396 Appendix B ZSTERN=ZBEST K=LBEST
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398 Appendix B C NEGATIVE (LETHAL M
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400 Appendix B C C PREPARE FINAL DA
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402 Appendix B 2 IF(.NOT.BKOMMA.OR.
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404 Appendix B 32 WRITE(KANAL,126)
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406 Appendix B DO 4 I=1,NX KI=KI1 I
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408 Appendix B Subroutine MINMAX MI
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410 Appendix B 2 IF(U.LT..965487131
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412 Appendix B parameters by multip
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414 Appendix B
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416 Appendix C - SIMP Simplex strat
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418 Appendix C C.3.2 How to Install
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420 Appendix C { } return(0.26*(x[0
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422 Appendix C 1 No recombination 2
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424 Appendix C 8e-07 8e-07 Initial
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426 Index Banach, S., 10 Bandler, J
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428 Index Coordinate strategy, 41{4
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430 Index Evolution strategy, 3, 6,
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432 Index Graves, R.L., 23 Great de
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434 Index Khurgin, Ya.I., 89 Kiefer
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436 Index Michie, D., 102 Mickey, M
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438 Index Parkinson, J.M., 61 Parta
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440 Index Rotating coordinates meth
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442 Index Storey, C., 23, 50, 54 St
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444 Index Wilson, S.W., 103 Witt, U
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Evolution and Optimum Seeking

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