2011 QCD and High Energy Interactions - Rencontres de Moriond ...

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amount of CPV required by taking the ratio of the remaining matter to the number of photons from the annihilation, and we find this number is approximately one part in a billion. In our Standard Model of particle physics (SM), even with maximal CPV, the equivalent predicted asymmetry is lower than the observed asymmetry by more than ten orders of magnitude. We know then that there must be new physics waiting to be discovered and that it must contain new sources of CPV. There are indeed many other problems with what we call the Standard Model; but the puzzles of dark matter and dark energy, the matter-antimatter asymmetry, and the lack of a good quantum theory of gravity, are the most obvious shortfalls. 1.2 Heavy Flavour as a Tool for New Physics Heavy flavour physics is a precision tool to discover new physics. The reach of heavy flavour is very broad since the production and decay of any heavy meson inevitably involve aspects from every portion of the Standard Model. Even a simple decay such as B0 s → D (∗)(∗)± s l∓νl, probes: all three generations of quarks and leptons, QCD, QED, and weak interactions. Arguably also the Higgs mechanism and even the top quark (mediating the observed B0 s -mixing) play a role. Heavy flavour is a microcosm of the entire Standard Model so it should exhibit the same flaws as the Standard Model and probe all avenues of new physics. Precision measurements are completely complementary to direct searches for new physics. Direct searches for new heavy particles at the energy frontier are limited in their reach by the energy of the collider at hand. Precision measurements, however, are sensitive to the quantummechanical effects of new physics in loops and virtual processes, to scales well beyond the energy of the collider. Typically we say up to 1000-times the energy of the collider. Having identified that heavy flavour is a powerful tool to search for new physics, we would like to use it to answer the following two questions. 1. Where is the CP-violation we need to explain the observed universe? 2. Given that there must be new physics, what is its flavour structure? To answer those questions we must identify how and where to look for new physics, and for that we need a recipe or a map. 1.3 A Map of the Search for New Physics When looking for new physics we can follow the following prescription. Identify channels and observables where new physics is not expected and make precision measurements of well-predicted observables. Then identify a similar or related area where new physics can enter and perform precision measurements of related observables to detect any new physics. Tree-level Standard-Model-like decays are a good example of where new physics is not expected. Consequently to look for new physics we are especially interested in channels with loops and penguins (radiative loops), where any new physics charges, currents, and virtual heavy particles, can enter into the loop and change the result dramatically. We are also interested in looking for new sources of CP-violation. In the SM there is only one source of CP-violation, which is a phase in the weak mixing matrix, the CKM matrix. To observe this phase, or any new physics phase, we construct observables with two competing phases, and measure phase differences through interference. In the Standard Model the CKM phase manifests most obviously in the b-quark system 7 , which again emphasises that heavy flavour physics is crucial. We can construct many different observables to measure this single known phase, and search closely for inconsistencies, the signs of new CP-violating physics.
Figure 1: Overlapping constraints on the phase in the CKM matrix, reproduced 8 . ¯ρ and ¯η are effectively the real and imaginary parts of the CKM phase. The red hashed region of the global combination corresponds to 68 % CL. On the left all current experimental constraints are used. On the right only observables which explicitly violate CP are used. The CKM-angle γ is highlighted in pink to demonstrate it is a weak constraint. 1.4 Status of the CKM-mechanism Combining measurements of CKM-parameters from many different sources we then usually plot all the phase constraints on a single 2D complex plane to constrain the real part (¯ρ) and imaginary part (¯η) of the phase in the CKM 8 . This popular image is reproduced here as Fig. 1. In the wide range of experimental observables across many different channels, all of the results agree very well and are very consistent with the CKM-model for weak mixing and CP-violation. This confirms that the Standard Model is very self-consistent, and that the CKM-mechanism is an excellent description, but it does not leave much breathing room for new physics. Fortunately we do have several unexplored and promising places to search for new physics 9 . 2 Hottest New Physics Searches There are many searches for new physics in precision flavour physics, but this paper only briefly covers five areas which are typical of certain classes of precision search. 1. Precision CKM-measurements, such as the determination of the CKM-angle γ. 2. Decays with penguins and loops, such as the rare decay B 0 d →K∗ µ + µ − . 3. Very rare decays with possible new physics enhancements, such as the rare decays B 0 s/d →µ+ µ − . 4. Generic CP-asymmetry searches, such as B→Kπ, where we have a so-called “Kπ-puzzle.” 5. Mixing of heavy neutral mesons, for example B 0 s/d -mixing. 2.1 Determination of the CKM-angle γ In Fig. 1, right, is replotted the constraints on the CPV phase, with only the explicit CP-violating observables. Any disagreement in such a plot could point immediately to new CP-violating physics. Here the CKM-angle γ is not well known and could hide moderate new physics. More precise measurements of γ are planned at the LHC, specifically at LHCb 9 .
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2011 QCD and High Energy Interactio
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Proceedings of the XLVIth RENCONTRE
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2011 RENCONTRES DE MORIOND The XLVI
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Foreword Contents 1. Higgs Searches
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1. Higgs
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95% CL Limit/SM 10 1 Tevatron Run I
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Events/5 GeV 6 10 5 10 4 10 3 10 2
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Events / 0.5 CDF Run II Preliminary
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For the most sensitive sub-channel
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Table 1: Table listing the various
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various SM Higgs mass hypotheses. T
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constraints on parameters are given
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Figure 2: Invariant mass of the ele
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Figure 4: CDF Exclusion limits for
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Table 1: Main phases of 2010 commis
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Table 4: Parameter list for early (
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luminosity of 1.2×10 33 cm −2 s
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2 QCD Analysis settings HERA PDFs a
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min 2 - 2 20 15 10 5 0 H1 and ZEUS
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SM σ / σ 95% CL Limit on 3 10 2 1
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NNLO σ/ σSM 95% CL Upper Bound on
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the report of this working group. I
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2.3 The impact of different PDF par
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SUSY Searches at the Tevatron Ph. G
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on the quality (loose or tight) and
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SUSY searches at ATLAS N. Barlow, o
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channel. These results are combined
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Figure 2: The top left plot shows t
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2010 data. Analysis techniques for
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as main discriminator between event
Page 64 and 65: sign leptons is particularly intere
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Page 68 and 69: ) [pb] ν e → B(W’ × σ 10 1 -
Page 70 and 71: 2 Searches in the dijet final state
Page 72 and 73: ing that the neutrinos were the onl
Page 75 and 76: The Quasi-Classical Model in SU(N)
Page 77 and 78: g (γ µ kµ) γ µ Aa µ g (pk)
Page 79: 3. Top
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Page 84 and 85: of about 9%. 3.1 Differential Cross
Page 86 and 87: Figure 5: Summary of most recent CD
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Page 90 and 91: where f’s are probability functio
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Page 94 and 95: momentum direction of the b quark f
Page 96 and 97: Events 200 150 100 50 -1 DØ L=5.4
Page 98 and 99: after all corrections in the M t¯t
Page 100 and 101: for prompt J/ψ under the fully tra
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Page 104 and 105: ATLAS - consists of four parts (mon
Page 106 and 107: 5 D mesons High cross-sections of D
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Page 113: HEAVY FLAVOUR IN A NUTSHELL Robert
Page 117 and 118: Figure 3: Constraints on new physic
Page 119 and 120: RECENT B PHYSICS RESULTS FROM THE T
Page 121 and 122: (IP) distributions are fitted separ
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Page 125 and 126: Search for B 0 s → µ+ µ − and
Page 127 and 128: Ref. 10,11 . The expected GL distri
Page 129 and 130: IN PURSUIT OF NEW PHYSICS WITH B DE
Page 131 and 132: τK + K −/τBs 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.9
Page 133 and 134: CHARMLESS HADRONIC B-DECAYS AT BABA
Page 135 and 136: surements (fL ∼ 0.5). Several att
Page 137 and 138: Estimating the Higher Order Hadroni
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Page 141: The counterpart of the ground-state
Page 144 and 145: (a) Tree level signal decay b ¯Bs
Page 146 and 147: the B0 d system LHCb profits from i
Page 148 and 149: This result is based on averaging o
Page 150 and 151: y non-perturbative effects. Using t
Page 152 and 153: e M(Dπ) distributions obtained D +
Page 155 and 156: CHARM PHYSICS RESULTS AND PROSPECTS
Page 157 and 158: LHCb is working towards its first m
Page 159 and 160: Two body hadronic D decays Yu Fushe
Page 161 and 162: where the effective coefficients aA
Page 163: 6. J. J. Sakurai, Phys. Rev. 156, 1
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states: 6π, 2K4π, 4K2π, KSK3π 1
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egion of X(3872), which corresponds
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Figure 1: The π 0 recoil mass spec
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η → π + π − π 0 η ′ →
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conservation. This second principle
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many of them come from gluon nonper
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Latest Jets Results from the Tevatr
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in for the inclusive trijet event s
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RECENT RESULTS ON JETS FROM CMS F.
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dy (pb/GeV) /dp 2 d 10 10 10 9 10
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RECENT RESULTS ON JETS WITH ATLAS G
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| y| < 0.3 ATLAS Preliminary 2.1 <
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EPOS 2 and LHC Results TanguyPierog
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positions are randomly distributed
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ABOUT THE HELIX STRUCTURE OF THE LU
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Figure 2: Left: Correlations betwee
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Improving NLO-parton shower matched
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due to the inclusion of higher orde
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New Results in Soft Gluon Physics C
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Figure 2: Spacetime depiction of Dr
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Central Exclusive Meson Pair Produc
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in the CEP cross section. However i
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AN AVERAGE b-QUARK FRAGMENTATION FU
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1/N dN/dx 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 ALE
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W + W + jj at NLO in QCD: an exotic
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Σ fb Σ fb 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 0.65 0.
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W/Z+Jets and W/Z+HF Production at t
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Figure 2: Measured inclusive jet di
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W and Z physics with the ATLAS dete
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SHERPA 9 MC generators but not by P
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W/Z + Jets results from CMS V. CIUL
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Events / 0.1 600 500 400 300 200 10
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TEVATRON RESULTS ON MULTI-PARTON IN
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iterative midpoint cone algorithm w
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INVESTIGATIONS OF DOUBLE PARTON SCA
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¦ § ¦ ¨ ¥ ¦ ¨ § ¦ © ¦ §
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Figure 4: Two-dimensional distribut
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SOFT QCD RESULTS FROM ATLAS AND CMS
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as a function of multiplicity for t
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Determination of αS using hadronic
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α S (m Z 0) 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.
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Reaching beyond NLO in processes wi
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dσ/dp t,max [fb/GeV] 10 5 10 4 10
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Nonlocal Condensate Model for QCD S
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The lower bound for the integration
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AN ALTERNATIVE SUBTRACTION SCHEME F
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where MBorn,g is the underlying Bor
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THE NNPDF2.1 PARTON SET F. CERUTTI
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ottom masses mb of 4.25, 4.5, 5.0 a
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HOLOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF HADRONS
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∫ SYM = κ d 4 ( 1 xdzTr 2 h(z)F
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Nuclear matter and chiral phase tra
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fact that for Nc ≫ 3 a gas of fre
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Recent Results on Light Hadron Spec
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Figure 3: Mass spectrum fitting wit
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MEASUREMENT OF THE J/ψ INCLUSIVE P
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2 Counts per 40 MeV/c 120 100 80 60
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STUDY OF Ke4 DECAYS IN THE NA48/2 E
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photons were accepted while particl
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6. Structure Functions Diffraction
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2 Hadronic Final States and Diffrac
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3 Summary A brief overview of recen
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Using HERA Data to Determine the In
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k f n 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2
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The singular term, on the other han
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Pomeron Kernel: The leading order B
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DIFFRACTION, SATURATION AND pp CROS
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In Ref. 6 , the saturated Froissart
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Transverse Energy Flow with Forward
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1/N d dE t /dη 0.1 0.09 0.08 0.07
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7. Heavy Ions
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dη)/(0.5〈 N 〉 ) part ch (dN 10
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) 3 (fm long R side R out R 400 350
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correlation density is computed as
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Away-side gaussian width 1.4 1.2 1
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Figure 1: (a) J/ψ rapidity distrib
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lower x, or forward rapidity one ex
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φ ∆ /d assoc dN trig 1/N 0.5 0.4
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AA,Pythia I 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0
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(1/N ) dN/dA evt J φ Δ ) dN/d (1/
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[GeV] Tower ET Σ 50 45 40 35 30 25
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3 Results 3.1 Dijet Properties in p
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(GeV/c) (GeV/c) T T p < 40 20
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wheredσm(N +N → h+X)/dp Tdy isth
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R AA 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0.5
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Here D is the diffusion coefficient
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The effect of triangular flow in je
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When both trigger and associated pa
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The first Z boson measurement in th
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Figure 1: Dimuon invariant mass spe
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2. V. Kartvelishvili, R. Kvatadze a
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esolution [ µ m] ! r 0 d 300 250 2
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Figure 5: Differential transverse m
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Figure 1: Average nuclear modificat
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Another way of using direct photons
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Pb R g 2 Nuclear Modifications for
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q T 1/R AA 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 LO Fra
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] 2 > [g/cm max
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Methods (a) and (c) constrain the e
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EXPERIMENTAL SUMMARY: ENTERING THE
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ut also for valence quarks involved
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The sensitivity to Standard Model H
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Figure 10: Top pair mass spectrum m
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Figure 13: Particle densities (left
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4 Low energy precision Spectroscopy
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asymmetries associated to Bd and Bs
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XLVIth Rencontres de Moriond QCD an
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