Unbridling the Tongues of Women - The University of Adelaide

Unbridling the Tongues of Women
46 Voice, 15 September 1893; Wallis, ‘History of the South Australian Labour Party’, pp.28, 29.
47 Spence, Autobiography, p.45.
48 Ibid.
49 Ibid.
50 Proceedings of the Second Australasian Conference on Charity, Melbourne, 1892.
51 On Strong, see A.G. Austin (ed.), The Webb’s Australian Diary 1898, Melbourne, 1965, p.132.
52 Spence, Autobiography, p.68.
53 Ibid.
54 C.H. Spence, Effective Voting One vote, one value, reprinted from the Advertiser, 9 February
1893, p.1; see also Observer: 27 February; 7 May; 18 June; 20 August 1892; Voice: 16 December
1892; 3 February 1893.
55 Register, 1 July 1892; Observer: 9 July; 16 July; 20 August 1892; Voice, 17 March 1893.
56 Spence, Autobiography, p.68; Observer, 8 April 1893.
57 Observer, 27 February 1892; Spence, Effective Voting One vote, one value, p.5; see also C.H.
Spence, Effecting Voting a National Right, reprinted from the Century; the copy in the ANL has
‘My last manifesto’ written on it in Spence’s handwriting.
58 Observer, 27 February 1892.
59 Voice, 2 June 1893.
60 Elsie Birks to Vivian?, 5 April 1896, SAA. I owe both the quotation and this reference to Bruce
Scates of Monash University, to whom I am most grateful. His PhD thesis on ‘Radicalism in
the labour movement, south-eastern Australia, 1887-1898’, will undoubtedly illuminate the
general context of the Reform Movement in South Australia.
61 Register, 23 February; 28 February 1892; Lakeman, How Democracies Vote, p.138; Hoag and
Hallet, Proportional Representation, p.180.
62 J.F.H. Wright, Mirror of the Nation’s Mind. Australia’s Electoral Experiments, Sydney, 1980, p.99.
63 Voice, 17 March 1893; Report of Meeting on Proportional Representation, p.4.
64 Spence, Effective Voting One vote, one value, pp.1-2; Wright, op. cit., p.116, in relation to the
method used in elections to the Australian Senate.
65 Observer, 19 October 1895; C.H. Spence, Effective Voting: Australia’s Opportunity. An Explanation
of the Hare System of Representation, Adelaide, 1898, p.19; Lakeman, op. cit., p.131; Wright, op.
cit., p.115, in relation to the method used in Tasmanian elections.
66 For example, schedule, A Bill for An Act to amend ‘The Electoral code, 1896’, Legislative
Council no.22, 1902.
67 Colin Mason, Foreword, in Wright, op. cit., p.13.
68 Joan Rydon, ‘Electoral Methods and the Australian Party Systems 1910-1951’, Australian
Journal of Politics and History, ii, 1.
69 Voice, 16 December 1892.
70 Advertiser, 17 March 1893.
71 Miss C.H. Spence, the electoral reformer, reprinted from Register, 4 April 1893; SA Parliament,
Papers, 1893, no.123; Young, Spence, p.17; Voice, 21 April 1893.
72 Spence, Autobiography, p.69; ‘The Principles of Representation (By Alfred Cridge, San
Franciso)’, Observer, 4 January 1892; Alfred Cridge, Proportional Representation, including
its relations to the Initiative and Referendum, San Francisco, n.d.; Alfred Cridge, Voting not
Representation a demand for Definite Democracy And Political Evolution, n.d., both pamphlets in
Bancroft Library, Berkeley University, California.
73 Voice: 23 June 1893; 8 June 1894.
74 C.H. Spence to John from Rockville Centre, Long Island, New York, 15 September 1893, MS., ML.
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