Unbridling the Tongues of Women - The University of Adelaide

Endnotes
75 C.H. Spence to John, n.d., (internal evidence, USA, 1893).
76 Voice: 21 July, 20 October 1893; Hoag and Hallet, Proportional Representation, pp.187-8;
Proportional Representation Review, Chicago, September 1893, pp.2-5; (Spence), Autobiography,
p.73; Australian Woman’s Sphere, March 1901, p.60.
77 C.H. Spence to Spence family from Brooklyn Boston, 25 January 1894; C.H. Spence to John
from Washington Square, 13 February 1894, MS., ML.
78 Voice: 8 June 1894; 20 October 1893; Report of Meeting on Proportional Representation; (Spence),
Autobiography, pp.76, 77; Observer, 15 December 1894.
79 For example, C.H. Spence, Proportional Representation Success in Belgium, reprinted from
Advertiser, 19 September 1900; C.H. Spence, ‘How Should We Vote’, clipping c.1901,
Guardbook of newspaper cuttings on proportional representation, SA Public Library; C.H.
Spence, ‘Proportional Representation’, Proceedings of the Australasian Association for the
Advancement of Science, 11 th meeting, 1907, p.633.
80 Observer, 15 December 1894.
81 Voice: 27 April; 4 May; 11 May; 17 August 1894; 22 December 1893; 19 January 1894;
Observer, 18 May 1895; Register, 22 April 1899; Combe, Responsible Government in South
Australia, pp. 130, 134.
82 J. Quick and R.R. Garran, The Annotated Constitution of the Australian Commonwealth, Sydney,
1901, p.159; (Spence), Autobiography, pp.80, 90; C.H. Spence, Federal Convention Elections
and Effective Voting, reprinted from Weekly Herald, Adelaide, 1897; Effective Voting Hare-Spence
Method. Defective Voting, Scrutin de Liste, Adelaide, 1896 (place and date added in pencil) ;
R.C. Baker, A Manual of Reference to Authorities for use of Members of the National Australian
Convention, 1891 (Baker was an influential leader of the ANL); Observer: 23 January; 13
March; 17 July 1897.
83 Young, Spence, p.80; Observer: 23 January, 13 March 1897; (Spence), Autobiography, p.81;
Spence, Federal Convention Elections and Effective Voting.
84 SA Parliament, Debates, 24 July 1900, p.192; Australian Woman’s Sphere, October 1900; SA
Parliament, Debates, 14 November 1900, p.859, 21 November 1900, p.924; John Playford,
‘Australian Labour Party Personnel in the South Australian Legislature 1891-1957’, typescript,
Adelaide, 1957, SAA; SA Parliament, Debates, 8 August 1900, p.296.
85 Observer: 19 October 1895; 9 June 1900.
86 SA Parliament, Debates, 15 August 1905, p.50; 27 September 1905, pp.347, 349-50; Hon.
A.H. Peake, MP, Objections to Proportional Representation, n.d.; SA Parliament, Debates, 14
November 1900, p.860; 27 September 1905, p.347.
87 Catherine Helen Spence 1825-1905, p.23.
8 The New Woman of South Australia: Grand Old Woman of Australia
1 See Robin Gollan, ‘American Populism and Australian Utopianism’, Labour History, November,
1965.
2 Richard J. Evans, The Feminists: Women’s Emancipation Movements in Europe, America and
Australasia 1840-1920, London and New York, 1977, p.56. Like other feminist historians, I
have decided to use the terms ‘Women’s Movement’ and ‘feminist’ in this chapter, even though
such usage is anachronistic. The 19 th century usually used the term ‘woman movement’ to
designate the multiplicity of groups and activities concerned with protecting or advancing the
rights of women. By translating that into ‘the Women’s Movement’ I am endeavouring to draw
attention to similarities and continuities between the 19 th century and the multitude of groups,
organisations and activities that constitute the Women’s Movement today. The words ‘feminist’
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