PTOLEMY II - CiteSeerX

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Functions can be recursive, as illustrated by the following (rather arcane) example: Expressions >> fact = function(x:int,f:(function(x,f) int)) (x factorial = function(x:int) fact(x,fact) (function(x:int) (function(x:int, f:function(a0:general, a1:general) int) (x map(factorial, [1:1:5].toArray()) {1, 2, 6, 24, 120} >> The first expression defines a function named “fact” that takes a function as an argument, and if the argument is greater than or equal to 1, uses that function recursively. The second expression defines a new function “factorial” using “fact.” The final command applies the factorial function to an array to compute factorials. 3.7 Built-In Functions The expression language includes a set of functions, such as sin(), cos(), etc. The functions that are built in include all static methods of the classes shown in Table 2 on page 111, which together provide a rich set 1 . The functions currently available are shown in the tables in the appendix, which also show the argument types and return types. In most cases, a function that operates on scalar arguments can also operate on arrays and matrices. FIGURE 3.7. More elaborate example with functions passed between actors. 1. Moreover, the set of available can easily be extended if you are writing Java code by registering another class that includes static methods (see the PtParser class in the ptolemy.data.expr package). 110 Ptolemy <strong>II</strong>
Expressions Thus, for example, you can fill a row vector with a sine wave using an expression like sin([0.0:PI/100:1.0]) Or you can construct an array as follows, sin({0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3}) Functions that operate on type double will also generally operate on int or unsignedByte, because these can be losslessly converted to double, but not generally on long or complex. Tables of available functions are shown in the appendix. For example, Table 4 on page 118 shows trigonometric functions. Note that these operate on double or complex, and hence on int and unsigned- Byte, which can be losslessly converted to double. The result will always be double. For example, >> cos(0) 1.0 These functions will also operate on matrices and arrays, in addition to the scalar types shown in the table, as illustrated above. The result will be a matrix or array of the same size as the argument, but always containing elements of type double Table 5 on page 119 shows other arithmetic functions beyond the trigonometric functions. As with the trigonometric functions, those that indicate that they operate on double will also work on int and unsignedByte, and unless they indicate otherwise, they will return whatever they return when the argument is double. Those functions in the table that take scalar arguments will also operate on matrices and arrays. For example, since the table indicates that the max() function can take int, int as arguments, TABLE 2: The classes whose static methods are available as functions in the expression language. java.lang.Math ptolemy.math.IntegerMatrixMath java.lang.Double ptolemy.math.DoubleMatrixMath java.lang.Integer ptolemy.math.ComplexMatrixMath java.lang.Long ptolemy.math.LongMatrixMath java.lang.String ptolemy.math.IntegerArrayMath ptolemy.data.MatrixToken ptolemy.math.DoubleArrayStat ptolemy.data.RecordToken ptolemy.math.ComplexArrayMath ptolemy.data.expr.UtilityFunctions ptolemy.math.LongArrayMath ptolemy.data.expr.FixPointFunctions ptolemy.math.SignalProcessing ptolemy.math.Complex ptolemy.math.ExtendedMath ptolemy.math.FixPoint Heterogeneous Concurrent Modeling and Design 111
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PTOLEMY II HETEROGENEOUS CONCURRENT
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VOLUME 1 INTRODUCTION TO PTOLEMY II
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Volume 1 Contents Introduction to P
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2.10.3. Constructing Modal Models 8
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7. MoML 191 7.1. Introduction 191 7
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1 Introduction Author: Edward A. Le
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Introduction heterochronous dataflo
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Introduction A major emphasis in Pt
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Introduction determine when actors
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Introduction provides levels of vis
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Introduction is a guard, and the se
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Introduction well. All of these are
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Introduction clients to update thei
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Introduction will be supplied with
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Introduction 1.3.12 Synchronous Dat
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Introduction FIGURE 1.10. Refinemen
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Introduction occlusions due to terr
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Introduction tion. The overall arch
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Introduction kernel.attributes This
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Introduction 1.5.2 Overview of Key
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Introduction Actor interfaces are k
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Heterogeneous Concurrent Modeling a
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Introduction actor actor.gui data.e
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Introduction cient, scalable, and u
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Introduction 1.5.8 Future Capabilit
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Introduction Appendix A: UML — Un
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Introduction grams, the only constr
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2 Using Vergil Authors: Edward A. L
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Using Vergil 2.2.2 Executing a Pre-
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Using Vergil The Lorenz attractor m
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Using Vergil The Continuous-Time (C
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Using Vergil box in figure 2.11. En
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Using Vergil Don’t panic! Excepti
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Using Vergil tions are a normal par
Page 69 and 70: Using Vergil 2.4 Hierarchy Ptolemy
Page 71 and 72: Using Vergil Then using these ports
Page 73 and 74: Using Vergil the default 0.1 to 0.0
Page 75 and 76: Using Vergil pan window, it is easy
Page 77 and 78: Using Vergil FIGURE 2.33. The pan w
Page 79 and 80: Using Vergil we have modified the c
Page 81 and 82: Using Vergil model, simply copy (or
Page 83 and 84: Using Vergil A key issue is to deci
Page 85 and 86: Using Vergil instances. This proble
Page 87 and 88: Using Vergil quick tour for more de
Page 89 and 90: Using Vergil uses the index in the
Page 91 and 92: Using Vergil AddSubtract actor, and
Page 93 and 94: Using Vergil If you look inside the
Page 95 and 96: Using Vergil If you look inside the
Page 97 and 98: Using Vergil transition (or right c
Page 99 and 100: Using Vergil Once you have created
Page 101 and 102: Using Vergil The grid is turned off
Page 103 and 104: Authors: Edward A. Lee Xiaojun Liu
Page 105 and 106: Expressions classes to create a gen
Page 107 and 108: Expressions The % operation is a mo
Page 109 and 110: Expressions attribute, which includ
Page 111 and 112: Expressions 3.3.5 State Machines Ex
Page 113 and 114: Expressions whose value is an array
Page 115 and 116: Expressions from it. For instance,
Page 117 and 118: Expressions defined. For example, >
Page 119: Expressions length is given by the
Page 123 and 124: Expressions number. With one additi
Page 125 and 126: Expressions value. For example, fix
Page 127 and 128: Expressions In the example in figur
Page 129 and 130: Expressions A.2 Basic Mathematical
Page 131 and 132: Expressions A.3 Matrix, Array, and
Page 133 and 134: Expressions A.5 Signal Processing F
Page 135 and 136: Expressions TABLE 8: Functions perf
Page 137 and 138: 4 Actor Libraries Authors: Elaine C
Page 139 and 140: Actor Libraries properly in the CT
Page 141 and 142: Actor Libraries ing that multiple c
Page 143 and 144: Actor Libraries TypedAtomicActor «
Page 145 and 146: Actor Libraries SequenceScope (exte
Page 147 and 148: Actor Libraries UnsignedByteArrayTo
Page 149 and 150: Actor Libraries MobileFunction (ext
Page 151 and 152: Actor Libraries LogicFunction (exte
Page 153 and 154: Actor Libraries Sleep (extends Tran
Page 155 and 156: Actor Libraries VariableFIR (extend
Page 157 and 158: Actor Libraries Integrator: Integra
Page 159 and 160: Actor Libraries Figure 4.4 shows th
Page 161 and 162: 5 Designing Actors Authors: Christo
Page 163 and 164: Designing Actors /** Javadoc commen
Page 165 and 166: Designing Actors although with most
Page 167 and 168: Designing Actors import ptolemy.act
Page 169 and 170: Designing Actors makes such actors
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Designing Actors same parameter val
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Designing Actors morphic actor comp
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Designing Actors To get data polymo
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Designing Actors public class Seque
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Designing Actors be used in domains
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Designing Actors alComm actor. Beca
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Designing Actors attribute has valu
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Designing Actors import ptolemy.act
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6 Coding Style Authors: Christopher
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Coding Style /* One line descriptio
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Coding Style Copyright (c) 2004 The
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Coding Style @version $Id: NamedObj
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Coding Style } We use instead the i
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Coding Style * @exception MyExcepti
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Coding Style + "it does not impleme
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Authors: Edward A. Lee Steve Neuend
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MoML cutes it forever, until you hi
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MoML A second difference between ou
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MoML
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MoML 7.3.3 Names and Classes Most M
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MoML Here, the element named
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MoML implement. 7.3.7 Doc Element S
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MoML It is also sometimes necess
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MoML then there will be a link t
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MoML found. For example, if the cla
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MoML it cannot collide with the nam
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MoML The rendering of the icon is d
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MoML 7.4.5 Deleting Entities, Relat
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MoML This unlinks a port from the s
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MoML model. The EntityLibrary class
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MoML Suppose that using incremental
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MoML Generate a sine wave.
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MoML
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MoML Number of iterations in
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MoML -P- The f
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MoML -P- The phase,
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8 Custom Applets Authors: Edward A.
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Custom Applets html code, see the J
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Custom Applets public class Tutoria
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Custom Applets then the result of
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Custom Applets 8.3.5 Using Model Pa
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Custom Applets ptolemy/domains/doma
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References [1] G. Agha, Actors: A M
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[33] S. A. Edwards, “The Specific
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[67] E. Kohler, The Click Modular R
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[95] J. Liu, X. Liu, T. J. Koo, B.
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[132]W. R. Sutherland, "The on-Line
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Glossary abstract syntax ..........
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Ptolemy II ........................
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Index Symbols - in UML 41 # in UML
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coin flips 142 Color class 173 colo
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entity in XML 198 EntityLibrary cla
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Director class 159 inverse FFT 124
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CompositeEntity class 206 nextPower
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safety 34 SampleDelay actor 78, 138
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type constraint 155 type constraint
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