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2.4.3 Setting the Types of Ports Using Vergil In the above example, we never needed to define the types of any ports. The types were inferred from the connections. Indeed, this is usually the case in Ptolemy II, but occasionally, you will need to set the types of the ports. Notice in figure 2.23 that there is a column in the dialog box that configures ports for specifying the type. Thus, to specify that a port has type boolean, you could enter boolean into the dialog box. There are other commonly used types: complex, double, fixedpoint, general, int, long, matrix, object, scalar, string, and unknown. Let’s take a more complicated case. How would you specify that the type of a port is a double matrix? Easy: [double] This expression actually creates a 1 by 1 matrix containing a double (the value of which is irrelevant). It thus serves as a prototype to specify a double matrix type. Similarly, we can specify an array of complex numbers as {complex} In the Ptolemy II expression language, square braces are used for matrices, and curly braces are used for arrays. What about a record containing a string named “name” and an integer named “address”? Easy: {name=string, address=int} 2.5 Annotations and Parameterization In this section, we will enhance the model in figure 2.25 in a number of ways. 2.5.1 Parameters in Hierarchical Models First, notice from figure 2.26 that the noise overwhelms the sinusoid, making it barely visible. A useful channel model would have a parameter that sets the level of the noise. Look inside the channel model, and add a parameter by dragging one in from the Utilities library, Parameters sublibrary, as shown in figure 2.27. Right click 1 on the parameter to change its name to “noisePower”. (In order to be able to use this parameter in expressions, the name cannot have any spaces in it.) Also, right click or double click on the parameter to change its default value to 0.1. Now we can use this parameter. First, let’s use it to set the amount of noise. The Gaussian actor has a parameter called standardDeviation. In this case, the power of the noise is equal to the variance of the Gaussian, not the standard deviation. If you recall from basic statistics, the standard deviation is equal to the square root of the variance. Change the standardDeviation parameter of the Gaussian actor so its value is “sqrt(noisePower)”, as shown in figure 2.28. This is an expression that references the noisePower parameter. We will explain the expression language in the next chapter. But first, let check our improved model. Return to the top-level model, and edit the parameters of the Channel actor (by either double clicking or right clicking and selecting “Configure”). Change the noise power from 1. On a Macintosh, control-click. 62 Ptolemy II
Using Vergil the default 0.1 to 0.01. Run the model. You should now get a relatively clean sinusoid like that shown in figure 2.29. Note that you can also add parameters to a composite actor without dragging from the Utilities library by clicking on the “Add” button in the edit parameters dialog for the Channel composite. This dialog can be obtained by either double clicking on the Channel icon, or by right clicking and selecting FIGURE 2.27. Adding a parameter to the channel model. FIGURE 2.28. The standard deviation of the Gaussian actor is set to the square root of the noise power. Heterogeneous Concurrent Modeling and Design 63
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PTOLEMY II HETEROGENEOUS CONCURRENT
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VOLUME 1 INTRODUCTION TO PTOLEMY II
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Volume 1 Contents Introduction to P
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2.10.3. Constructing Modal Models 8
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7. MoML 191 7.1. Introduction 191 7
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1 Introduction Author: Edward A. Le
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Introduction heterochronous dataflo
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Introduction A major emphasis in Pt
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Introduction determine when actors
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Introduction provides levels of vis
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Page 25 and 26: Introduction clients to update thei
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Page 33 and 34: Introduction occlusions due to terr
Page 35 and 36: Introduction tion. The overall arch
Page 37 and 38: Introduction kernel.attributes This
Page 39 and 40: Introduction 1.5.2 Overview of Key
Page 41 and 42: Introduction Actor interfaces are k
Page 43 and 44: Heterogeneous Concurrent Modeling a
Page 45 and 46: Introduction actor actor.gui data.e
Page 47 and 48: Introduction cient, scalable, and u
Page 49 and 50: Introduction 1.5.8 Future Capabilit
Page 51 and 52: Introduction Appendix A: UML — Un
Page 53 and 54: Introduction grams, the only constr
Page 55 and 56: 2 Using Vergil Authors: Edward A. L
Page 57 and 58: Using Vergil 2.2.2 Executing a Pre-
Page 59 and 60: Using Vergil The Lorenz attractor m
Page 61 and 62: Using Vergil The Continuous-Time (C
Page 63 and 64: Using Vergil box in figure 2.11. En
Page 65 and 66: Using Vergil Don’t panic! Excepti
Page 67 and 68: Using Vergil tions are a normal par
Page 69 and 70: Using Vergil 2.4 Hierarchy Ptolemy
Page 71: Using Vergil Then using these ports
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Page 77 and 78: Using Vergil FIGURE 2.33. The pan w
Page 79 and 80: Using Vergil we have modified the c
Page 81 and 82: Using Vergil model, simply copy (or
Page 83 and 84: Using Vergil A key issue is to deci
Page 85 and 86: Using Vergil instances. This proble
Page 87 and 88: Using Vergil quick tour for more de
Page 89 and 90: Using Vergil uses the index in the
Page 91 and 92: Using Vergil AddSubtract actor, and
Page 93 and 94: Using Vergil If you look inside the
Page 95 and 96: Using Vergil If you look inside the
Page 97 and 98: Using Vergil transition (or right c
Page 99 and 100: Using Vergil Once you have created
Page 101 and 102: Using Vergil The grid is turned off
Page 103 and 104: Authors: Edward A. Lee Xiaojun Liu
Page 105 and 106: Expressions classes to create a gen
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Page 121 and 122: Expressions Thus, for example, you
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Expressions number. With one additi
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Expressions value. For example, fix
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Expressions In the example in figur
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Expressions A.2 Basic Mathematical
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Expressions A.3 Matrix, Array, and
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Expressions A.5 Signal Processing F
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Expressions TABLE 8: Functions perf
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4 Actor Libraries Authors: Elaine C
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Actor Libraries properly in the CT
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Actor Libraries ing that multiple c
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Actor Libraries TypedAtomicActor «
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Actor Libraries SequenceScope (exte
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Actor Libraries UnsignedByteArrayTo
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Actor Libraries MobileFunction (ext
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Actor Libraries LogicFunction (exte
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Actor Libraries Sleep (extends Tran
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Actor Libraries VariableFIR (extend
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Actor Libraries Integrator: Integra
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Actor Libraries Figure 4.4 shows th
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5 Designing Actors Authors: Christo
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Designing Actors /** Javadoc commen
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Designing Actors although with most
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Designing Actors import ptolemy.act
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Designing Actors makes such actors
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Designing Actors same parameter val
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Designing Actors morphic actor comp
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Designing Actors To get data polymo
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Designing Actors public class Seque
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Designing Actors be used in domains
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Designing Actors alComm actor. Beca
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Designing Actors attribute has valu
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Designing Actors import ptolemy.act
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6 Coding Style Authors: Christopher
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Coding Style /* One line descriptio
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Coding Style Copyright (c) 2004 The
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Coding Style @version $Id: NamedObj
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Coding Style } We use instead the i
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Coding Style * @exception MyExcepti
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Coding Style + "it does not impleme
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Authors: Edward A. Lee Steve Neuend
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MoML cutes it forever, until you hi
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MoML A second difference between ou
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MoML
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MoML 7.3.3 Names and Classes Most M
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MoML Here, the element named
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MoML implement. 7.3.7 Doc Element S
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MoML It is also sometimes necess
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MoML then there will be a link t
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MoML found. For example, if the cla
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MoML it cannot collide with the nam
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MoML The rendering of the icon is d
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MoML 7.4.5 Deleting Entities, Relat
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MoML This unlinks a port from the s
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MoML model. The EntityLibrary class
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MoML Suppose that using incremental
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MoML Generate a sine wave.
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MoML
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MoML Number of iterations in
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MoML -P- The f
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MoML -P- The phase,
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8 Custom Applets Authors: Edward A.
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Custom Applets html code, see the J
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Custom Applets public class Tutoria
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Custom Applets then the result of
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Custom Applets 8.3.5 Using Model Pa
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Custom Applets ptolemy/domains/doma
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References [1] G. Agha, Actors: A M
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[33] S. A. Edwards, “The Specific
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[67] E. Kohler, The Click Modular R
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[95] J. Liu, X. Liu, T. J. Koo, B.
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[132]W. R. Sutherland, "The on-Line
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Glossary abstract syntax ..........
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Ptolemy II ........................
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Index Symbols - in UML 41 # in UML
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coin flips 142 Color class 173 colo
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entity in XML 198 EntityLibrary cla
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Director class 159 inverse FFT 124
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CompositeEntity class 206 nextPower
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safety 34 SampleDelay actor 78, 138
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type constraint 155 type constraint
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